Essay about Socialism - 579 Words

Socialism Socialism is a type of economic system, a political movement, and a social theory. Socialism is based on the idea that governments should own and control a nations resources rather than individuals. Socialism was first used to describe opposition to the free enterprise and market economies. The Industrial Revolution was the cause of many social problems. Long work hours, low pay, and poor working conditions caused Americans to first consider socialism. With government involvement in business, fairer treatment for all was feasible. Most countries today have socialist parties, many have socialist governments, and others who are in between have adopted socialist ideas. Communism and socialism are†¦show more content†¦It is disagreement among socialists that has made for a wide spectrum of ideas, possibly making it more difficult for socialism to exist. Socialism and Karl Marx are two words that belong together. Marx was the most influential socialist of the 1800s. Marx expressed his ideas in the Communist Manifesto. He believed that all history is a series of struggles between the ruling and the working classes. Marx predicted that the ruling class would be overthrown and predicted the working class would set up a society based on common ownership. Socialism has never been very strong in the United States. Because of the opportunity for even the poor to become successful, socialism has never been able to grow. The strongest movement might have been during World War I. socialists tried to group, but because of problems at hand nothing was accomplished. After World War I a complete collapse of socialism occurred. Today the U.S. still practices a small amount of socialism. Government regulates and controls many private businesses, provides welfare, and strives to maintain a high employment rate. The government also uses its strong taxing, spending, and credit powers. Yet the United States has fewer socialist features than any other industrialized nation. Like many other people, I feel there are pros and cons to socialism. Socialism would generally make for a moreShow MoreRelatedSocialism1284 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism High Point University ECO 207 Tony Benjamin Socialism Socialist government is not state government. It would not rule over people and places, but would empower the people to rule over things. Socialism means a government in which the people collectively own and democratically operate the industries and social services through an economic democracy (SLP 2006). Under socialism, it is his/her fellow citizens and co-workers who create the policies and conditions for its communityRead MoreCapitalism Vs. Socialism And Socialism868 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism vs Socialism Capitalism and socialism have been two school of thoughts in economics that have opposing factors, and there have been a lot of criticisms and comparison on which economy is better in terms of economic equality, and the role that the government plays in the society. In most situations, a society with a better economic opportunities and choices, with more technological advancement and private owned businesses would be a better option to a society that is collectively ownedRead MoreSocialism Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism Socialism is the economic theory or system, in which the community owns the means of production, distribution, and exchange collectively, usually through the state. It is characterized by production for use rather than profit, by equality of individual wealth, by the absence of competitive economic activity, and, usually, by government determination of investment, prices and production levels. It is collective because society can control production unlike capitalism and because productionRead MoreRevisionist Socialism1088 Words   |  5 PagesRevisionist Socialism What is it? Revisionist socialism seeks to reform or tame capitalism rather than abolish it. †¨It seeks to reconcile socialism with capitalism. It seeks social justice in the sense of narrowing the economic and social inequalities (to varying degrees) within capitalism through welfare and redistribution. Social democracy is the most obvious example of revisionist socialism. Revisionists are invariably parliamentary, not revolutionary, socialists. Bernstien BeginningRead MoreWhat Is Socialism?780 Words   |  4 PagesSocialism means a society restructured according to the working-class principle of solidarity. It means an economy of democratic planning, based on common ownership of the means of production, a high level of technology, education, culture and leisure, economic equality, no material privileges for officials, and accountability. Beyond the work necessary to ensure secure material comfort for all, it means the maximum of individual liberty and autonomy. Working-class socialism - counterposed byRead More Socialism Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagessociety would be as socialist, we must understand the difference between socialist and capitalist ideas. The question becomes not so much as what is socialism, but how does it differ from capitalism, and what is wrong with capitalistic ideas to where we would need socialism. The problem becomes where do you draw the line between capitalism and socialism to where we have trust, sense of community and also competition? If the answer were that simple we would live in a perfect society. A problem thatRead MoreSocialism in The Jungle1715 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in â€Å"The Jungle† By Tyler Dobson Sinclair’s  The Jungle  is a novel that tends to advocate for socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism that has dominated a society. Upton Sinclair’s piece was written in 1906, at a time when many European immigrants had migrated to the United States with the hope of becoming prosperous in their lives. However, their expectations were not met as some of them ended up being unemployed and those who managed to get jobs like Jurgis Rudkus inRead MoreSocialism : Socialism Vs. Capitalism1156 Words   |  5 PagesEric Butterbaugh Mrs. Penwell English Composition November 8, 2015 Socialism V. Capitalism In the past the word Socialism or Socialist has been used with a negative connotation but recently with the rise of Senator Bernie Sander, Independent from Vermont, running for the Democratic Nomination for President of the United States of America, it has became a positive word that many people are finding themselves agreeing with and flocking to see a Socialist speak about economic and social problemsRead More socialism Essay941 Words   |  4 Pages Socialism is a way of controlling the economy, in which the government owns and runs all of the businesses of a society. Socialism can be broken up into two different categories: Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. These two types have some similar views, but also are very different in certain ways. For example, Utopian Society is basically a peaceful way to get what you want whereas Scientific Socialism, which was what Karl Marx represented, held the belief that the only way to get whatRead MoreThe Misunderstandings of Socia lism1238 Words   |  5 PagesQuotes like Winston Churchill’s have become part of the political rhetoric when leaders discuss the idea of socialism. In current events you can see the exact same argumentation being used against legislation such as the Affordable Health Care Act. Conservative talking heads such as Bill O’Reilly equate it to socialism because, as Mr. O’Reilly says himself, â€Å"[i]n order to provide for the have nots, the far left wants the federal government to seize the assets of solvent Americans. That’s what ObamaCare

AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce Essay examples

The two stories I chose are AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce. Both stories tell a tale of social and philosophical differences of middle class adolescent boys, when compared to the adults in the stories. In the short story AP by John Updike, the story is told in a first person narrative of a teenage boy working as a cashier in an AP grocery store on a hot summer day. The story begins with the teenage boy named Sammy becoming preoccupied by a group of three teenage girls that walk into the grocery store wearing bathing suits. Sammy admires the girls beauty as most nineteen year old adolescent boys would, in a slightly lewd and immature nature. His grammar is flawed and he is clearly not of an upper-class family, his†¦show more content†¦Sammy philosophical differences first show in his feeling sorry for the girls at the way McMahon, the butcher had leered at them, even though Sammy himself was guilty of the same lewd conduct. I believe Sammy thought it acceptable for him to leer at the girls, but not for old McMahon because of the difference in age between Sammy and McMahon. Sammys philosophical differences culminate with him quitting his job because of the way his boss, Lengel, treated the girls. Even though Lengel states its the store policy and it applies to everyone, Sammy views this as unfair treatment of the girls and uses this to take a stand for his beliefs and quits. Sammy realizes the magnitude of his philosophical decision when he walks out and finds the girls are gone and nothing has changed. Sammy realizes he has made a choice and he must stick to that choice even though nothing has changed. The decision he made was his choice based on his personal belief of right and wrong, even if Mr. Lengel and his parents couldnt understand that. In the short story Araby by James Joyce, the story is told in a unnamed first person narrative of an adolescent boy who is infatuated with theShow MoreRelatedA P by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce573 Words   |  2 PagesIn the short story AP, John Updike uses the power of desire as his theme. The girls, knowing it was not ethical, walk into the market with bathing suits and catch the eyes of the male workers. As the girls are acting innocent, they walk around as the guys just watch what the girls are going to do next. In many ways, taunting the males and walking in the grocery store was going against conformity, thus, leaving the girls embarrassed and shy when they are confronted by the manager of the store. InRead MoreJohn Updike s A P And James Joyce s Araby1877 Words   |  8 PagesComing-of-age is a chapter that every individual must inevitably trek through in order to grow and mature into one’s own self. In John Updike’s AP and James Joyce’s Araby , the theme of growth permeates throughout both narratives as their respective protagonists fabricate an ideal world from their own naive perspectives, only to shed their ignorant fantasies about how they believe to understand that the world can bend to their decisions to truly understand the cruelty behind world they live in: reachingRead MoreEssay on Comparison of A P by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce681 Words   |  3 Pages John Updikes â€Å"A P† and James Joyces â€Å"Araby† are very similar. The theme of the two stories is about a young man who is interested in figuring out the difference between reality and the fantasies of romance that play in his head and of the mistaken thoughts each has about their world, the girls, and themselves. One of the main similarities between the two stories is the fact that the main character has built up unrealistic expectations of women. Both characters have focused upon one girl inRead MoreThe Stages of Maturation in James Joyce’s Araby John Updikes AP from the Authors Perspective902 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing the views of both James Joyce and John Updike on maturation from adolescence to adulthood it will be important to continually compare two of their similar works in Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and Updike’s â€Å"AP†. James Joyce and John Updike follow similar views with the latter using Joyce as a foundation and following in similar footsteps; both authors follow a process of maturation based on the allure of love, while doing it at different stages of each of the protagonists’ lives resulting in similarRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesRomantic gestures have been seen as a useful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the wholeRead More Love and Disillusionment in Araby and A and P Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesLove and Disillusionment in â€Å"Araby by James Joyce and â€Å"A and P by John Updike â€Å"Araby by James Joyce and â€Å"A and P by John Updike are both short stories in which the central characters are in love with women who don’t even know it. The Araby story started sad and ended sadder, however, the â€Å"A and P† story started happy and ended with a heroic act that went unnoticed. The main characters both experience new situations and truths of which they were not previously aware. Both stories willRead MoreEpiphany Vs Araby833 Words   |  4 Pagesthe modern age are â€Å"AP† by John Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. The story â€Å"AP† by John Updike is about an eighteen year old boy named Sammy who works at the AP and finds an attraction to three girls who repeatedly walk into the AP in bathing suits, after the girls are embarrassed by the manager Sammy does the heroic act of quitting in honor of the three girls. The short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is about a boy who take on the quest of going to a bazaar called Araby and buying his crush aRead More Comparing Updikes AP and Joyces Araby Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Updikes A P and Joyces Araby  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Updikes A P and James Joyces Araby share many of the same literary traits. The primary focus of the two stories revolves around a young man who is compelled to decipher the difference between cruel reality and the fantasies of romance that play in his head. That the man does, indeed, discover the difference is what sets him off into emotional collapse. One of the main similarities between the two stories is the fact that the mainRead MoreA P And Araby By James Joyce1200 Words   |  5 Pages AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce are two short stories that have multiple differences and similarities. AP is about a teenager and his lust for young ladies and Araby is about a young boy who had a crush on a older girl. I will be comparing and contrasting the portrayal of women, love and epiphany in the two short stories AP and Araby. I believe women are portrayed negatively in AP. I have came to this conclusion because I believe Sammy treats the â€Å"Queenie† positively but treatsRead MoreCompare And Contrast Araby And A P Short Story999 Words   |  4 Pagesstories â€Å"AP† by John Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both reflect coming of age stories. In the story AP, the narrator, Sammy quits his job to stand up for the three girls wearing â€Å"nothing but their bathing suits†() In the story Araby, the narrator shows himself growing up through discovering his sexuality. In the stories AP and Araby there are strong similarities in the plot and setting, however they are also different in the imagery and figurative language. The setting in â€Å"AP† takes place

Fear of Being Misunderstood Essay Example For Students

Fear of Being Misunderstood Essay Understanding, love, caring is the keys to a good relationship. There should be no place for misunderstanding, if there is one you are on the shaky ground. Being misunderstood is when your intension is been proved wrong or different or when you mean something else and something really different totally different happens, against your intensions or expectations. When I 14yrs old my nature was kind of bubbly, I was sociable. But my dad always stopped me going out with friends. I couldnt talk to boys. My parents are form India and they brought with them in Canada their old fashioned way of thinking. Once when I was in India, my dad saw me hugging a boy. He was one of the popular boys in my school and was my best friend. My dad took me home and he told my mom all about that and made it a big issue. Then as a punishment he took away my TV, my computer and even my phone. I was constantly trying to explain myself but he didnt want any explanations. I was feeling so frustrated just like when your expectations are proved wrong. An explanation would have solved this problem if he has given me the chance to explain. I was frustrated because my parents took away my things and I couldnt do anything. I was so angry because they gave me the punishment without knowing the reason why did I hug him or what do I think about that boy. But the reality was that I hugged that boy just to thank him as he helped me to get out of some trouble. And most of all he was my best friend not more then that. Not taking care of somebodys explanations, announcing his/her decisions can create a big web of misunderstanding. Listening to explanations, understanding the person in front of you, you definitely can avoid the problem of being misunderstood. If I could get the chance I would have discussed the matter with my parents and would have placed my views in front of them. To understand somebody you have to put your foot in another persons shoe. A victim with this kind of fear could cause a person: depression, lack of confidence and even to commit suicide in some cases when it is unbearable. You feel frustrated when you or your intentions are consider wrong by some other person and the only way to overcome this is to have a talk, discussion or an objective conversation.

Introduction To Construction The Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Introduction To Construction The Management? Answer: Introduction Rental values are subjected to occasional rise and fall, hence the contractual rent, also known as Passing Rent, agreed upon in an existing lease is bound to differ from the current market value of rent. In case the passing rent is less than the value of the market rent, it is considered that the investment is reversionary. To evaluate the investment value of an asset, there are different methods employed by investors, depending on their internal contribution and the amount borrowed. In the current case, we shall be focussing on the Term and Reversion and the Layer / Hardcore methods for determining the Market Value of the property under consideration. Interpreting Valuations I will illustrate both the methods here, so that it is easy to understand the calculations and the results shown in the Table. We need to value the property under consideration by assuming that the Passing Rent is 1,125,000 per annum and this is expected to revert to the market rent valued at 1,148,000 per annum in about 7 years time, as per Baum Baum, (2015). We have established that the present value at 5.10% of 1 is shown in Table-02. Through Table-01 we have also established that the initial yield is 4.95% and the reversionary yield is calculated as 6.53%. The approach adopted here is known as the Term and Reversion Method and as shown in Table-03, the derived cash flow is considered as sliced vertically. I have also adopted an alternative approach and this also generates the same result. This method is the Hardcore Method and here the cash flow is sliced horizontally. The results have been shown in Table-04. For the benefit of the investor, I wish to make a note that the Total Returns shown in the calculations on the basis of 5.10% initial yield are not the investors total or overall returns. The 5.10%, all-risks yield, is notional and has been taken to imply that the actual rental growth, which is bound to increase the income generated during the holding period and will also help in producing a capital gain in the event of a resale by the investor. On these basis, it is safe to assume that the investor will be having a far higher overall rate of return, which may be somewhere between 7% and 9% p.a., asserts Myers, (2012). Interpreting Appraisals My appraisal commences with the summary of the listed office property as shown in the Data Table-01. I would like to point out that this investment may appear to be similar to a ten-year government bond. I am making this comparison by way of illustration as such bonds offer a yield of 4% and for the purpose of determining the IRR of this office property, the discount rate selected by me is also 4.38%. However, in case this same investment is made by the investor with keeping an initial yield of 6%, I would be suggesting that the investor is planning with an anticipated additional risk while determining the cash flow of the investment, keeping it over and above of the government bond, explains Baum, (2009). Although, in principal, I would say that all investment properties are bound to carry such an additional risk premium because of the liquid nature of the investments, according to Goodhart Hofmann, (2007). In the above cited office IPMS 3 property, the additional uncertainties in the above mentioned cash flow could include: The age of the office IPMS 3 property and would also include the inherent impact of its ability of re-let at the end of the current lease. There can be an uncertain but potential period of vacancy after the current lease expires and this in particular costs both time and money. Thus there can be connected uncertainty of the nature of political and economic issues as these can be affected by lack in occupational demand and lowering of market rents, in particular when the lease ends. There can be uncertainty which may occur due to slackness in future investment demand and this may affect the overall pricing of the property and may also increase the level of market risk, as per Karadimitrio, Magalhaes Verhage, (2013). The current data, shown in Table-01 has been described as Scenario-A in this report with the following basic facts about the IPMS 3 office property. Address Office A, North Street, Middletown Construction year 2015 Tenant Government Department Floor area 4,500 sq mtr Lease term 10 years, FRI, with 5 yearly, upward only, rent reviews (10 years unexpired term) Rent 1,125,000 p.a. (250 per sq mtr) Market rent 1,485,000 p.a. (330 per sq mtr) I have considered this Scenario-A only for the purpose of transactional evidence. The above noted uncertainty factors have been projected based on this scenario although it may not be possible to analyse accurately the impact created by each one of the listed factors on the final cash flow. I can safely say that any adjustments, made to the initial yield, shall be dependent on the differing characteristics of the property and also rely largely on the experience and skill of the valuer, aseert Ashworth Perera, (2015). Interpreting Analyses When I take on the interpretation analysis of the above noted Scenario-A and which has been tabulated with results in Table-05, 06 and 07, I may state that in most cases pertaining to property investments, investors have the tendency of adopting a quantitative approach. I have also adopted this approach and have assessed the Market Value of the property by assessing the worth of the property, using the market and investment criteria, as per Taylor, (2008). I have also applied measures to the individual items of uncertainty, which I have already listed above, and conducted a risk analysis to assess whether the investor is prepared to accept these inherent uncertainties at the price which is being demanded, says Taylor, (2008). Although the risk analysis approach adopted by me for this assessment has wider implications but it has been based on the practised cash flow approach. I must admit that the analysis may vary from the basic upside, downside, best case by not taking into account a more detailed sensitivity analysis of the individual input variables, such as rental growth, rental values, vacancy periods, exit yields, etc., depending on the nature of this particular investor, I have used the risk scoring models, such as Term and Reversion and Hardcore Method, as per Robinson et al, (2015). It is an established fact that this same approach is usually adopted by financial institutions when providing debt finance. However, banks unlike investors, focus less on risk of being unable to obtain a particular return on the investment and focus more on: Risk of cash flow being insufficient for covering the interest payments. Risk of the residual value of the investment, at the time of maturity of the loan, being insufficient in being able to repaying the outstanding laon balance, as detailed by Ostrowski, (2013). Interpreting Results In Scenario-A, I had made allowance within the enhanced purchase price, to the possibility of refurbishing the building after the expiry of its current lease. This does not remove the uncertainty of the buildings obsolescence and any future vacancy issues, but it allows the investor in making an assessment of the impact on his Target Return and in deciding whether it is acceptable, says Kirkham, (2014). To give an alternate to the existing scenario, I have illustrated, in Scenario-B below, considering a new debt finance, in the ratio of 65:35, whereas 65% is the borrowing and 35% is the investors contribution. This borrowing is considered to be secured against the IPMS 3 office building stated in Scenario-A above. At the time of maturity of this loan, which is in five years time, there will still be another five years time remaining for the lease term to expire, but this would not be of concern for the lender as there will not be any time-lapse in re-letting, asserts Lavender, (2014) . Even after allowing for a small downfall in the Market Value of the property during the loan term period, the probability of the borrower in not repaying the loan remains very low as the ability of the borrower in meeting the finance interest payments remains comfortable throughout the loan period, as per Towey, (2013). Thus, despite a shortening of the unexpired term of lease, the lenders cash flow has few uncertainties, has a low probability of default and thus is a low risk profile, says Pratt, (2010). On the other hand, the investors cash flow is positive, even if the shorter unexpired lease period has had a negative impact on the final value of the investment at maturity date, to the extent that this investment shows a geared IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of only 4.38% per annum, which is lower than what the investor had as the original target of 6.00%, as per Sherratt, (2015). Thus the uncertainty surrounding the potential cost of maintaining the vacant building, including the necessary refurbishment costs and including the level of rent achievable against new letting could be of importance for the investor if there is an acceptable return delivered in the medium term, says Myers, (2012). However, in another Scenario-C, I have tried to demonstrate that a lender may not be always insulated from the underlying uncertainties of the asset level cash flow. In this scenario, I assume that the same office property has now been occupied by two tenants: Address Office A, North Street, Middletown Construction year 2015 Tenant-1 Government Department Floor area 2,500 sq mtr Lease term 10 years, FRI, with 5 yearly, upward only, rent reviews (10 years unexpired term) Rent 750,000 p.a. (300 per sq mtr) Market rent 875,000 p.a. (350 per sq mtr) Tenant-2 Corporate House Floor area 2,000 sq mtr Lease term 10 years, FRI, with 5 yearly, upward only, rent reviews (10 years unexpired term) Rent 660,000 p.a. (330 per sq mtr) Market rent 700,000 p.a. (350 per sq mtr) In this scenario, an assumption has been made about the additional lease given to the Corporate House, which has been introduced when the government has only two years of lease term remaining. Here, the consideration is that the investor has acquired the property with a 6.5% net initial yield and the also that the lender is advancing loan in proportionately the same ratio and on the same terms. However, the level of uncertainty exists for both the investor and lender, as explained by Ostrowski, (2013). Conclusion In case the Corporate House vacates the property at the expiry of the lease term, there will be a fall in the interest cover ratio on the loan and this will create a breach in the terms of the loan agreement. Moreover, I am also taking into consideration the fact that there may be a likelihood that the Market Value of the cited property may fall to such an extent that the Loan to Value Ratio (LVR) rises above 75%, and this may possibly trigger another breach of the loan agreement. However, in my consideration, the biggest concern still will be effects of refurbishment and vacancy costs, which can affect the results of the cash outflow during the third year. Due margin needs to be provided for the uncertainty of the length of vacancy period, the extent of necessary refurbishment costs and also of the probability of finding a good tenant at the required rent and lease terms, as explains Baum Baum, (2015). These are some of the important issues which both the investor and the lender have to take into consideration at all times. In Scenario-C, consideration has also to be taken for the refurbishing of the vacant offices and re-let at 20 per sq mtr, after a void period of 12 months and another 9-month rent-free period. Taking such a scenario into consideration, it is imperative for the investor to achieve an IRR of around 8%, but this should be only one among a number of possible outcomes, out of which some may be less favourable. References Ashworth, A. and Perera, S. 2015 Cost Studies of Buildings, 6th ed. Routledge, Oxon. Baum, A. 2009 Commercial Real Estate Investment. Taylor Francis, London. Baum, A. and Baum, Prof A. 2015 Real Estate Investment: A Strategic Approach, 3rd ed. Routledge, Oxon. Godhart, C. and Hofmann, B. 2007 House Prices and the Macroeconomy: Implications for Banking and Price Stability. OUP Oxford, Oxford. Karadimitrio, N., Magalhaes, C. and Verhage, R. 2013 Planning, Risk, and Property Development: Urban Regeneration in the England, France, and the Netherlands. Routledge, Oxon. Kirkham, R. 2014, Ferry and Brandon's Cost Planning of Buildings, 9th ed. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Lavender, S. 2014, Management for the Construction Industry. Routledge, Oxon. Lester, A. 2013, Project Management, Planning and Control, 6th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxon. Myers, D. 2012 Economics and Property. Taylor Francis, London. Ostrowski, S.D.C. 2013, Estimating and Cost Planning Using the New Rules of Measurement. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Pratt, D. 2010, Fundamentals of Construction Estimating, 3rd ed. Cengage Learning, New York. Robinson, H., Symonds, B., Gilbertson, B. and Ilozor, B. 2015, Design Economics for the Built Environment: Impact of Sustainability on Project Evaluation. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Sherratt, F. 2015, Introduction to Construction Management. Routledge, Oxon. Taylor, J. 2008, Project Scheduling and Cost Control: Planning, Monitoring and Controlling the Baseline. J. Ross Publishing, Florida. Towey, D. 2013, Cost Management of Construction Projects. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex.

The Color Purple By Alice Walker Essays - The Color Purple

The Color Purple by Alice Walker Alice Walker's The Color Purple presents the life-long struggle of Celie, a black Georgia woman, who yearns to obtain confidence and self-esteem. During the early stages of the novel, references to wagons are made, signifying the ?old days,? whereas towards the end of the work automobiles surface. Though Walker never discusses any specific time or place where the story actually occurs, the change in transportation suggests about a forty-year span of Celie's life, from the beginning of the novel until the end. Written in first person, Celie writes a series of letters to God, explaining the torture that she faces, and begging him for some form of mercy. After years of abuse, both physically and emotionally, Celie discovers herself searching for some self-respect. Fonso, Celie's abusive father, forces her to marry Albert, also abusive by nature. Celie finds a degree of hope through the depiction of Albert's mistress, Shug. Shug serves as a tremendous force in Celie's attainment of confidence, as the two eventually form a strong bond. Celie's sister, Nettie, intelligent and caring who ?mean[s] everything in the world? to Celie, also faces many of the same obstacles that Celie does, but Nettie first helps Celie overcome hers. As time passes, Celie gains more and more self-respect as well as some respect from others. The central theme flowing throughout the work remains that man often defeats his problems through the nurturing of close intimate relationships. The bond between Shug and Celie allows Celie to conquer her passive behavior. Likewise, her relationship with Nettie also instills a strong sense of courage and self-esteem within Celie. Celie refuses to allow the horrible deeds of the men in her life to control her towards the latter stages of the novel. The intimate relationships that Celie shares with both the energetic Shug and the loving Nettie provides Celie with hope that she will one day come out of her passive shell. Walker captures the audience with Celie's series of letters to God that involve the audience. This unusual style of writing forces the reader to become directly involved in Celie's life. Though the work is told by Celie's perspective, the audience is able to receive adequate information about other key characters instead of only being able to venture into Celie's mind. The language used throughout the novel serves several purposes. Initially, the use of the slang serves to exhibit to the audience the illiterate Celie who just spells words as they sound. Though the novel is not written in standard English, the reader can easily identify with Celie and the other people in the novel because the slang makes for easier reading with a better idea of what message is trying to be conveyed. Walker illustrates the importance of close human relationships and how they help heal pain through this masterpiece.

Is Shirley Jackson the Lottery a Horror Story?

Is Shirley Jackson the Lottery a Horror Story?One of the more recent events in this country is the election of Shirley Jackson to the Presidency of the United States. Jackson is a very interesting figure and in fact many who read this essay will see many similarities with her on a personal level. She also had some nasty words for many people including me in her essay.The paper was written by someone named John F. Jones. The words are often quoted and often considered to be one of the most disturbing works ever written. People may think that it is one of the worst essays ever written but that is far from true. In fact it has a lot of things that makes it an interesting read.Why do you think I included the essay sample in my blog? Well, one of the things that is mentioned in the essay is 'The Lottery a Horror Story?' It's actually a funny name to call the lottery.Why do you think I included the essay sample in my blog? Well, it is a reflection of how far our society has come and people have begun to understand. Now it is not something that just a few people will understand but many people understand. This is what makes this essay well worth reading.The essay and Jones are often discussed but are they the same person? The answer is no. Jones was a poet but Jackson is a writer. The two aren't the same though.Jones actually wrote the article for a Sunday newspaper and Jackson wrote it. The lottery was never mentioned in the article but the piece was a hit as both writers were writers in the new media world. Jackson is well known for her literary pieces but the lottery piece was a hit as well.What is so interesting about this essay is the writer herself and the real person that were discussing. Jackson could have simply called it a lottery essay but I wanted to use my own name because she is one of the people that has influenced me the most and who has helped me the most.Why do you think I included the essay sample in my blog? Well, I know that in writing these thing s I am a reflection of many who have gone before me. It is a way for me to be able to give back and to contribute to the culture.

The Effect of Global Warming on the Napa Valley Essays

The Effect of Global Warming on the Napa Valley Essays The Effect of Global Warming on the Napa Valley Paper The Effect of Global Warming on the Napa Valley Paper Essay Topic: The Long Valley There is little doubt in the scientific community that this huge economy, based on grape growing, will be affected by this slow but steady climate change. However, how this region will be affected is a tater of debate. A hot year is normally associated with a boom year, offering a high yield of quality grapes for growers (1 ). However too much of a good thing can be bad. By the end of the century the increased temperature could have adverse effects on grape production and already growers in California see challenges in balancing the long growing season with the quality of the fruit being produced (3). Initial studies on the effects of increased temperatures have shown that warming improves the quality of the wine, said Gregory Jones, an Associate Professor of Geography at the American university of Southern Oregon (4). He went on to predict that if something is not done, continued warming would change the growing environment in the future. The result of this increased temperature may leave growers finding, what once was good for the grape could be disastrous. By examining past heat waves, such as the one that hit Europe in 2003, vintner are given some idea of what is in store for the future (4). Areas that were normally cooler saw an improvement in grape production while the normally warm regions saw a decline in production and quality (5). Areas most in danger by the warming limited are those that currently enjoy a long, warm growing season, such as the Nap Valley (5). According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) (4), if nothing is done about global warming only the coastal regions Of California, cooled by the ocean breeze, will be good for cultivating vines by 2100. In a study done by University of California at Santa Cruz researcher (5), a detailed image of how the climate in California is likely to change over the next 50 to 100 years was predicted and mapped. Their study included anticipated temperature and precipitation changes for the Tate of the California. Their results go beyond the usual speculation concerning the potential effects of climate change on the state. They were able to take expected temperature changes from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and, with the aid of a computer program, predict environmental changes throughout the state of California (appendix 1 The United Nations has studied this issue and have predicted that without an aggressive world wide action to cut greenhouse emissions the level of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere will reach 800 parts per million (4) before the end f this century. The result will be an increased average temperature in California by 3 degrees centigrade. With much worse damage around the world through disease, drought and rising sea level. At that level of environmental change, the areas used for growing quality wine grapes will shrink by 35-80%, even taking into account the possibility of new areas being able to grow the grapes (4). A study by NASA (4) show, that areas the areas currently producing the finest most expensive wine would be reduced by approximately half while areas that are considered marginally suitable for reducing wine would be virtually eliminated. Scientists predict that climate change may shift production of the best wines from places like Nap Valley to vineyards in the Pacific Northwest and New England, locations that have traditionally been considered too cool for wine production (3). This would not only be devastating economically to the wine industry in Nap but also to the billion dollar tourist industry associated with grape growing and wine production in the Nap Valley. Not everyone agrees that global warming will be bad for wine production in Nap Valley. Some scientist predict that the warmer temperatures in the upper Nap Valley may shift south a little, not necessarily meaning hotter hoots, but making a bigger percentage of the valley warmer (2). In this climate model mountaintops will either stay the same or cool slightly due to increased fog. It may be that the state of California overall will be warmer by about 5 degrees Fahrenheit by 2055 to 2075, with 1 5 more days of temperatures over 90 degrees, but with marine influence and the predicted increase in fog, the California model wont necessarily be the Nap Valley reality (2). Dry. Snyder, from the university of California at Davis, summarized the results of a study on Nap Valley weather patterns between 191 7 and 2006 and came to the conclusion that from a growers standpoint, the weather has actually improved (6). It shows an increase in the average low temperatures for January and also an increase in average high temperatures at harvest time. But the study shows less risk of extreme rainfall or extreme high or low temperatures today than we had prior to 1 988 (6) The Intergovernmental panel on Climate Change, an international group Of undress of climatologists, has concluded that, even though crop production and yield benefit from increased CO concentration, the benefit realized will be short lived and the increased heat and eventual drought will be devastating to the wine and grape industries (4) My original hypothesis is correct and incorrect. In the short term global warming may be helpful to the wine industry of the Nap Valley. The increased temperature will have multiple outcomes; warmer weather will initially increase both quality and quantity of the grapes grown in the region. The improved weather patterns ill also be a boost to the tourist industry in the area. However, as the research shows that the long term outlook for the California wine industry may be devastating if the industry does not look to long term solutions. Facing this challenge, scientists and professionals from the wine industry are searching for ways to adapt to the changing climate. Some areas of scientific work are concentrating on how certain varieties of vines adapt to heat as well as counteracting the devastating effects of strong heat on the taste of the wine, which tends to be too sweet and to have excessive alcohol levels. Other areas of change being looked into are ways to grow grapes under trellis so that they are protected from the sun as well as the types of grapes being grown. Other possibilities are genetic altering as well as cross breeding Of vines between high quality producers and heat tolerate varieties. Water conservation is a huge issue when the climate heats up and increased irrigation is required. The final outcome of global warming on Nap Valley wine is unclear so if you enjoy a taste from the vine from time to time, now would be a good time to stock your wine cellar and enjoy it while you can. L[pick] I I [pick I [pick Appendix 1 expected changes in temperature, top photo; precipitation, middle photo; and snow accumulation, bottom photo, for California based on computer projections of the climate response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Average June temperatures are higher throughout the state. Total rainfall in March increases in northern California, with little change in the south. And the height of the snowplow at the end of March drops dramatically. Top photo; precipitation, middle photo; and snow accumulation, bottom photo, for California based on computer projections of the climate response to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide. Average June temperatures are higher throughout the state. Total rainfall in March increases in northern California, with little change in the south.