3 Essays - Motivation, Cognitive Biases, Articles, Locus Of Control

3 Essays - Motivation, Cognitive Biases, Articles, Locus Of Control Module 8: self-reflection assignment Student's name Institution affiliation Instructor's name Course Date of submission I answered about 25 questions, and 14 of them showed that I am temperamental. I express anger through remaining silent and having sleepless nights. Have found that keeping temper to myself have negatively affected my life , thus making me to have negative thoughts towards every situation I come across in my life . After thorough assessment I found that my moods could easily change any time am annoyed, this has been making me isolate myself from my friends. After assessing, my locus of control, have lost most of my friends due to my behaviors which they have found hard to cope with in my life. To mitigate the issue, I will be keeping myself busy with ot her activities when I am annoyed. I will also avoid engaging myself in activities that may negatively change my mood. Have also decided that I will be going away from the annoying site and rejecting the causes of anger immediately after they occur to stop thinking about them. This will ensure that I have peace of m ind and would be able to remember the past. I have also decided that will involve someone in my life who understands me better to avoid loneliness which has brought negative influence in my life. After conducting locus control tests, I found out that I subscribe to external locus control where external factors such as rewards and punishments control my behaviors as opposed to internal locus controls where I should innately regulate by behavior without relying on rewards and punishments. But this tendency of building on external factors for behavior alteration has affected me both positively and negatively. When I do something good, and people or the authority appreciates me, I am happy and likely to practice the same behavior in the future. Also, I like spending a huge part of my time with friends and relatives who appreciate and reward me. However, if the opposite happens, I am in great trouble. For instance, if I stay with people who discourage by behavior and punish me occasionally, I suffer psychological problems and feel at the wrong place , this makes me have negative thoughts about myself . This behavior of wanting to be appreciated every time I do some thing good in my life has brought negative influence in my life because most of the people around me are not always happy with my behaviors making me stay lonely most of the time . Every time I do something, and there is no reward my moods changes, making me feel unwanted in society. I always think that it's a must for people to appreciate my efforts. In my academics, this has caused me to lower my self-esteem because teachers do not reward my shots when I perform better in exams. This behavior has impacted my life negatively making friends to distance themselves from me. Having internal locus of control plays critical role in one's life. It helps in managing different situations in life despite their influence in life. The strength of internal locus is that such people are not discouraged by negative comments or lack of appreciation. Forces of internal locus of control also enable someone to take all responsibilities that may arise in life despite caring whether they have a negative or positive influence in their lives. They are too focused and put more efforts into anything they do in their lives to achieve desired results. Another significant strength about the internal locus of control is that people are not influenced by what others may think about them, so they are focused on changing their life and working towards achieving set goals in their lives. They are also more determined to take more action in their lives and improve any situation they come across in life. It plays a vital role in overcoming all setback one may face in life an d developing strategies to cope with life situations. Also, it ensures that people can learn from their past mistake and make changes where possible. The internal locus has some weakness that affects its performance to some extent. The flaw is that their production

Labyrinth essays

Labyrinth essays Thousands of questions arise when I think of a labyrinth. Of course, I thought that the simplest is - what it is? But, probably, I was wrong. The labyrinth dates back to prehistoric time, and is perceived as sacred space. It had been a part of many cultures, such as Celtic, Mayan, Greek, Cretan, and Native American. The word labyrinth comes from a Latin word, "labrys" which means "double-axe". On one hand labyrinths were built to protect, but on the other what if the person trying to be protected was lost in it. And so is with a double-bladed axe. It can be used to defeat the enemy as long as the other side of it does not defeat the allies. Labyrinths were used to protect different things. Labyrinth is a huge building with lots of rooms, long corridors, with hidden exit and hard-to-find enter. The Egyptians used them to protect riches and even important, bodies. In Cretian mythology, the labyrinth was built by Daedalus for King Minos to protect the people of Crete from a Minotaur. H e was kept inside so he could do the people no harm. Labyrinths can protect, destroy, isolate or hide. They can entertain you for hours, but if you are trapped inside and can find no way out, it ¡s becoming a torture. People still wonder with what purpose labyrinths were created. Were they meant for entertainment, protection, or torture? No one will really ever know for sure. Some people even consider that labyrinths are some kind of radars of other worlds. People also consider labyrinth to be a sacred place for meditations.  ¡What is a labyrinth? It is not a maze made to engage and confuse the mind, but a single path that meanders throughout a usually circular form, leading finally to the center. As the body moves, the mind quiets, freeing the spirit within to lift images and feelings to the conscious mind. Within the safe, gentle container of the labyrinth, release of pain and sorrow, of negative ways of thinking, or of the difficulty of making a...

Response paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 17

Response paper - Essay Example In terms of genderization, feminist theories took a turn from studying female accessibility to technology, to examining the processes that developed technology as well as its female constitution. Presently, the feminist outlook on technology and the digital era is positive unlike its counterparts in 1980s reflecting a marked change in feminist theories of technology. De Lauretis seems to emphasize on the aspect of sexual difference throughout the paper as the concept was a prominent element of feminist writings during the 1960s and 1970s. Sexual difference is the idea that reinforces the differences between male and female, man and woman, as it creates a categorization that is an artifact, not of biology or sociology but of discursive constructs. De Lauretis has pointed several limitations of the term ‘sexual difference’ which includes its restriction on feminist critical thinking and recuperation of radical feminist thought to the bounds of one’s master’s wall (2). Then the author articulates the concept of gender as relating to technology as represented in various forms. McGraw’s paper on essentially â€Å"feminine† technologies explains rather novel concept of the term from a feminist perspective (13). Here, McGraw explains how certain female possessions such as bras, closets, collars, and bathrooms are â€Å"feminist† technologies because of their utility to women. While the word technology may engender necessarily male artifacts, McGraw explains how, a recognition of such things used predominantly by women will help us understand the technologies that were used previously. This will help us to expand our thinking of technology as not necessarily a piece of gadget that is electronic or digital but that which is of use to a particular section of the target users. In turn, this realization will help individuals to understand technology as not only comprising of male-oriented objects but merely anything that has been of

SWOT Analsis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SWOT Analsis - Assignment Example Second reason is the promotion the company has in football clubs which is my favorite game and lastly is the attracting advertising criteria for the different brand it manufactures on television. The company uses large volumes investment styles in the market to cope up with the giant competitors. Its objectives are subjected towards growth, value, and quality index-oriented brand approaches. Despite the company facing the macroeconomics competition challenges it is able to attractively invest and market its brand globally. The X&Y company objectives and strategy are based on long-term capital growth and best quality of non-alcoholic brand known as teens. (Allen, 2009). The strength of this company is openly found on aspects such as; the employees are able to enjoy the services provided by the company as well as the allowances. This hence has great significant on efficient output and the quality of the brand. Employees benefit from the job security thus easing supervision and management control. The product of X&Y Company is loaded with romanticizing image which is attractive to many people. It is probably enjoyed in the world with an average of 500 million people per day. On global scales, the company is able to market its brand in large volumes and therefore making cash inflows in its equity. The consumer purchasing power is increasing by 5% worldly though faced with giant competitors like coco cola. Market trend information is another aspect. The company has developed a quality information online desk to enhance financial information sharing and market forces effects. X&Y Company is a debt-free, with ample liquidity. The cash and supported portfolio investment holdings amounting nearly $ 5.8 billion by year 2014. Although it suffers heavy outflows in advertising and promotion, it remains strong on earnings and revenue results. The company is characterized to the increased profitability to its branches in various countries and

Supervision within the educationonal system Article

Supervision within the educationonal system - Article Example The participants were all from the Yorkshire region. There were a number of overarching insights the writers drew from these telephone interviews, relating to what constitutes effective supervision. The most prevailing trend among the professionals interviewed was the central primacy of ‘direct supervision’. When questioned about what constitutes ineffective supervision, however, the educational professionals that were interviewed expressed many divergent opinions on what constitutes ineffective supervision. It seems the major division in these regards is between individuals who believe that the major areas in terms of ineffective supervision is inadequate supervision; conversely, there are a number of individuals who believe that ineffective supervision is a result of a lack of direct supervision. It finally indicates that there is a need for increased training programs to ensure effective supervision. This article was enlightening as it presented the paradigm of direct supervision and highlighted its primacy as central to the supervision process. It also made me realize the importance of training to adequate supervision. While a number of individuals indicated that direct supervision was primary, this may be because of their administrative role. In all it’s clear that inadequate supervision is an important concept that demands further investigation. The education article under examination is Clifford, Macy, Albi, et al.’s A Model of Clinical Supervision for Preservice Professionals in Early Intervention and Early Childhood Special Education. Similar to the previous article examined that proposed a Synergistic Model of Multicultural Supervision, this article proposes a model wherein preservice professionals can learn a progressive model of supervision that can be applied to their work in early intervention and early childhood special education. The model they describe has been employed to train professionals at the University of Oregon for

Service Provision Legislation in New Zealand

Service Provision Legislation in New Zealand Surbhi Narwal DEMONSTRATE KNOWLEDGE OF DISABILITY AND AGING LOCAL AND INTERNATIONAL CONTEXTS History of Disability In 1840 selective breeding connected racial wellness thought implying that there was natural choice of great stock, terrible stock. As an issue development of selective breeding achieves its most prominent prominence in right on time many years of the twentieth century by end of World War 2 genetic counselling had been to a great extent abandoned. As indicated by pre-war stature, the development habitually sought after pseudoscientific thoughts of racial matchless quality and clarity. Selective breeding be drilled around world and in addition was advanced by government and powerful people and directions. Its backer respects it in light of the fact that a social theory expected for the change of human heritable characteristics through the advancement of higher proliferation of specific individuals and qualities. Today it is broadly respect in light of the fact that a pitiless development which caused tremendous human rights infringement happened on a large number of individuals. The m ediation s advocates and rehearsed through eugenicists concerned very the distinguishment furthermore arrangement of persons and their families, including poor people, visually impaired, hard of hearing, rationally sick, , indiscriminate ladies, formatively debilitated, gay people likewise whole racial gatherings. In the nineteenth century migration biased the quantity of dementia individuals living in NZ alongside keeping money related expense to least. Expense was relied upon to be met by families with some assistance from beneficent association. Various disabled individuals were set in the homes implied for vagrant, unmarried moms additionally penniless from 1860s. In 1889 the association of the companions of the visually impaired was shaped which was run as an issue association. In 1880 the first school for hard of hearing kids opened in NZ. In 1990s individuals with disabled were put in organization implied for individuals who had maladjustment. Man and ladies isolated hence they couldnt have kids. The mental defectives act came in 1911 separated between those rationally sick and blockheads, the foolish or epileptics. The commission of request intrigued by mental defectives in addition sexual wrongdoers 1924-25 talked about their worry on dim witted kids furthermore arranged activity to k eep the increase of savages and contaminations of a average strain. In 1929 Templeton was opened to look after high review numbskulls and poor quality weak or second rate dim witted. Becoming restorative learning prompted moving far from selective breeding to medicinal treatment and the therapeutic and the medicinal model. In 1924 enactment is passed permitting an annuity planned for visually impaired individuals abed of the government managed savings change of the late 1930s which present the invalids advantages for persons for all time unable to work and the ailment advantages for those briefly encountering sick wellbeing. Therapeutic treatment for prior servicemen started after World War 1 or created all the more through the incapacitated servicemens affiliation, perceived after World War 2 administrations were accessible to regular folks from 1954. Shielded occupation opportunity for impaired individuals started with the disabled individuals livelihood advancement act 1960. All through the 1950s and 1960s IHC specific, made day forethought focuse s, private homes and word related gatherings. On the comparative time it sought after supplementary rights- based development in looking for suitable instructive offices implied for their youngsters. Incorporate Policies and Strategies of disability Social Security Act 1938 and 1964 This demonstration established a branch of detail that called government disability division. This office is controlled under a commission incorporate not more than three parts to regulate of the financial profit procurements. While the profits of therapeutic consideration were regulated by branch of wellbeing. Use for money wellbeing administrations, advantages and organization was to financed from the government disability subsidize on a current expense premise which remembers the yield from 7  ½ % standardized savings pay impose on pay rates, wages and wage and awards from general assessment. There are basically 10 diverse money related profits as take after Superannuation advantages Age profits Widows profits Orphans profits family profits invalids profits miners advantages sickness profits unemployment advantages emergency advantage 2.  Accident Compensation Act 1972 This Act came in power in 1, April 1974. As indicated by this demonstration, in the earner conspires in which finances are to save by toll on business and independently employed individual. As indicated by this plan earners get paid payment on the off chance that they endure with harm and doesnt make a difference if damage emerges on the course of job or business. 3.  The code of rights 1996-This demonstration came into power on 1, July 1996. The reason for this demonstration is to advance and protect the privileges of disability administration purchaser and wellbeing customer and to that end, to encourage the reasonable, expedient, basic and proficient determination of objections with respect to encroachments of those rights. 4.  Human rights demonstration 1993 The human rights act 1993 ensures individuals from segregation for the quantity of diverse zones of life in the New Zealand. At the point when individual treated not as much of positively and unjustifiably than other individual in the comparable circumstance. 5. New Zealand inability methodology 2001 In 2000/2001, the legislature has made the New Zealand incapacity method .This technique is based on common model of the disabled, which makes difference among weaknesses or incapacity. In 2002 office of incapacity issue was perceived. Its reason to give a short concentrate on disabled crosswise over government or to guide the working furthermore checking of the New Zealand inability procedure. 6.  He korowaioranga 2002- The general point of He Korowai orange to give backing to the Maori families to attain their most extreme wellbeing and prosperity. He korowhai orange give a skeleton used to the general population division to take obligation for the part it plays into supporting the wellbeing status furthermore whÄ nau. It is a decent vital component to helps wellbeing and inability zone to amplify the life compass of Maori, enhance their predominance of life, or reduction inconsistencies among other New Zealanders. 7.  te Tahuhu Improving Mental Health 2005-2015 – Te Tahuhu is sees as enhancing mental wellbeing diagrams government procedure or needs intended for mental wellbeing and in addition dependence utilized for the 10 years somewhere around 2005 and 2015 and gives and general bearing to the interest in mental wellbeing method encased in looking forward or moving ahead furthermore the mental wellbeing obligation plan implied for mental wellbeing administrations. 8.  Sign Language Act 2006 The reason of this demonstration is to advance and keep up the utilization of New Zealand gesture based communication. With coming this demonstration into power, New Zealand sign dialect pronounces a New Zealand official language. Incorporate Funding Through the 1990s more concerns were imparted about the cut-off points of the assembly acquisition for decreasing social hindrances fulfilled by impaired people. Government financing for help organizations for weakened people moved from the welfare office (Department of Social welfare) to wellbeing work places (commonplace wellbeing forces). 2.2 Define Terminology It is any restriction or lack of (resulting from any impairment) of ability to perform an activity in a manner or within the range considered normal for a human being. It also reflects an interaction between features of a person’s body and features of the society in which he/ she lives Basically individuals use language that they think is inability benevolent, however may be its ill bred to that disable group. Individuals to begin with, wording of incapacity cordial dialect that does not advance out dated, offending or deigning perspectives of inability or individuals with incapacities. A lot of people well intentioned, devoted individuals unintentionally hold demeanour that are stooping or paternalistic. Misinformed dialect and a large portion of the individual’s disposition or convictions that impaired individuals are not like us, they are poor they are wiped out and so forth. For instance wheelchair bound, individuals feel that individual wheel seat cant walk, they are wiped out, they are not same like them, yet they are incorrect. Individuals on wheelchair can stroll for a short separation or time of time; they can remain to move into auto, cot or seat. Define attitude We can without much of a stretch incorporate an incapacity character in arrangement and administration in the event that we comprehend the historical backdrop of handicap in NZ. New Zealand has really changed the demeanour towards handicap over recent years. It additionally reflects changes demean or abroad in a same manner to other social changes. For the majority of 2 century incapacity was thought to be an issue vested in people. This is a generally known as restorative model, where incapacity was seen as being some kind of problem with individual. Around 1840s onwards government made a few polices which pointed was to contain the quantity of incapacitated individuals living in New Zealand or keeping monetary help to least. 1900 onwards, social advantages of the individuals in the racial wellness was expanded and getting to be reflected to the legislatures social arrangement or handicapped individuals. Until 1916 enumeration of the New Zealand recognize individuals who were visual ly impaired, hard of hearing, insane people, deadened, epileptics and so on. The mental blemished act 1911 came in energy and separated between persons rationally decrepit, persons of unsound personality, the moronic and epileptics. Additionally some activity came in this period those were extremely positive e.g. plunked association they give help and consideration to the wellbeing of kids or moms. Some enactment came and individual’s .population got to be mindful about physical weakness and emotional sickness. Shielded livelihood wanted impaired this opportunity came to give the asylum to disabled individuals. 1970s administration methodologies to make private offices. After 2000 onwards government made NZ incapacity method. This system was more focused around social model of inability. Which help to develop a refinement in the middle of handicap and hindrance? On the off chance that we see generally in 1820s to 1900s administration was not more worry about incapacitated ind ividuals or wellbeing framework in New Zealand yet after 1900s NZ wellbeing framework was getting to be better, government made new strategies and procedures for individuals those are impair and rationally sick. Distinguish stereotypes and explain barriers Bias tackles the manifestation of a particular conviction with respect to any specific gathering it is called generalization. The stereotyping and bias field has been late to perceiving cripple individuals as an issue gathering battling for their social liberties or confronting a few issues of separation or mistreatment as the other minority voting demographics. One of the basic generalizations is individual who is visually impaired can have great musical ability better then individuals those can see. There can likewise be hindrance for these individuals may see these individuals that they cant see so in what capacity they would be able to impart or know where they are going; they cant read and so on. Society might dont feel great if incapacitate individuals approach with his/her ability, on the grounds that individuals think they are lethargic or unintelligent. Service provision and framework Ministry of Health (MOH) Ministry of wellbeing have an enormous structure. This is the spine of NZ wellbeing framework which gives subsidizing to DHBs, healing centres, private offices. The fundamental administration of the service of wellbeing is the legislatures kin counsel on wellbeing or incapacity, enhancing, security, and advancing the soundness of all New Zealanders. Service of wellbeing direct New Zealand wellbeing and inability framework and have entire general obligation regarding the improvement and administration for the framework. Ministry of social Development (MOSD)- MOSD helps the New Zealanders to grab stay solid , autonomous and safe. MOSD give security and forethought of defenceless youngsters or youth individuals. They likewise give superannuation administrations, wage backing and business. MOSD gives stores to group administration suppliers. MOSD serves to make social strategy furthermore counsel to the legislature. Service of social advancement have an enormous system it take part very nearly all the Government Issue which going to impacts society. It incorporates making approaches and procedures to giving credits and understudy recompense. Need Assessment service coordination(NASC) NASC have enormous structure. NASC is an enormous affiliation meets expectations broadly for NASC organization chiefs or other senior needs appraisal administrations co appointment parts within the wellbeing area and handicap part. Need evaluation administration co appointment is not for a benefit join society. Whose point is to forward the hobbies of NASC for grown-up with inabilities, individuals with mental wellbeing need, youngsters, more seasoned individuals, and additionally different divisions in NZ. Office for Disability Issue The workplace of incapacity issue work nearby with the service of social advancement. Office of disability issue meets expectations over the portfolios or with the administration orgs for help advance on the inability issue. Their work is underpinned to New Zealand inability technique or the united countries tradition upon the rights does not hold financing or handicap help administrations. Wellbeing and incapacity chief Health and Disability magistrate gives an instruction diagram experienced to individuals utilizing qualification administrations and how the buyer rights are suitable specifically circumstance. It likewise gives a review on the ramifications of wellbeing division issue as of now, with respect to the purchaser rights. Wellbeing and incapacity magistrate give (equivalent words) communicator administrations for individuals who have listening to or talking weaknesses. It likewise gives the administrations to individual consideration or welfare settles on choice furthermore persevering force of lawyer. Disability Support Services DSS is responsible for subsidizing or arranging of disabilty help administrations or oversees the ability incapacity (necessary forethought and recovery) act 2003. The vast majority of administrations DSS trust got to from side to side by NASC administrations. This affiliation choked to DSS. They work with individuals those are impaired to assist recognize their need or to framework what incapacity help administrations are accessible. They appoint service financed help administrations and aid with getting to other backing. IHC – IHC functions as an issue, they give administrations to those individuals who are cannily cripple and their families. They likewise battle for their rights and welfare of all cannily incapacitate individuals are help them to live fulfil exists in the general public or community. REFERENCES Source: Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/disability-services Source: Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/new-zealand-health-system/eligibility-publicly-funded-health-services Source: How to cite this page: . Scope of Legislation of 1938, from An Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, edited by A. H. McLintock, originally published in 1966. Te Ara the Encyclopaedia of New Zealand, updated 22-Apr-09 Retrieved from: http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/1966/social-security/page-2 Source: Accident Compensation Act 2001 (AC Act) Retrieved from: http://www.acc.co.nz/about-acc/legal/legislation/the-accident-compensation-act-1972-repealed/SS_WCM_049389 Source: Parliamentary counsel office te tari tohutohu Paremata Michael Hardie Boys, Governor-General Retrieved from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/regulation/public/1996/0078/latest/whole.html Source: Parliamentary counsel office te tari tohutohu Paremata Human Rights Act 1993 Retrieved from: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1993/0082/latest/DLM304212.html Source: ministry of social development Retrieved from: http://www.odi.govt.nz/nzds/progress-review/new-zealand-disability-strategy.html Source: Ministry of Health. 2002. He Korowai Oranga: MÄ ori Health Strategy. Wellington: Ministry of Health Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/he-korowai-oranga-maori-health-strategy Source: Minister of Health. 2005. Te Tà ¤huhu – Improving Mental Health 2005–2015: The Second New Zealand Mental Health and Addiction Plan. Wellington: Ministry of Health. Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/publication/te-tahuhu-improving-mental-health-2005-2015-second-new-zealand-mental-health-and-addiction-plan source:  © Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/your-health/services-and-support/disability-services Source: Ministry of social development Te manatu whakahiato ora Retrieved from: https://www.msd.govt.nz/ http://www.supportoptions.co.nz/support/service.aspx?id=299 Source: The Health and Disability Commissioner PO Box 1791, Auckland Auckland ph/TTY (09) 373 1060 Retrieved from: http://www.hdc.org.nz/ Source: Ministry of Health – ManatÃ…Â « Hauora, 2014 Te Roopu Taurima O ManukauTrust Retrieved from: http://www.health.govt.nz/our-work/disability-services/intellectual-disability-compulsory-care-and-rehabilitation-act-2003 Source: IDEA Services family/whanau service Northern Regional Intellectual disability empowering in action Retrieved from: http://www.ihc.org.nz/ Surbhi Narwal 14030211

Essay --

The recognition of same-sex marriage is a political, social, and religious issue. Because of this same-sex marriage is a very controversial topic. Legal acknowledgement of same sex marriage is commonly referred to as marriage equality. Many advocates of marriage equality argue that laws restricting marriage to only heterosexuals discriminate against homosexuals. On the other hand advocates against same-sex marriage argue that it would undo long-standing traditions and change the meaning of marriage in a damaging manor. In this essay I will be arguing for same-sex marriage. The arguments mentioned as well as others will be discusses throughout this paper. Firstly I will discuss the reasons for marriage equality. I argue marriage equality is in the best interest for family life. Allowing homosexuals to form stable committed relationships through marriage would allow for healthier homosexual relationships. You can’t prevent people from being homosexual however giving those people the right to marry can help them experience greater personal happiness. Studies have suggested that not only does legalizing marriage in an area generally make homosexual individuals in that area happier; it also makes them physically and mentally healthier and saves them money on health care (Hatzenbuehler, O’Cleirigh, Grasso, Mayer, Safren, & Bradford, 20012). I don’t see any compelling reason to take away the joy homosexuals get from marriage, this is one of the many reasons I support marriage equality. Marriage naturally creates families; it provides the conditions for a healthy environment that is beneficial to the upbringing of children. Opponents of same-sex marriage often ground their arguments on parental and religious concerns. Many argue that sa... ...me-sex marriage. However marriage is not solely defined as a relationship between a man and a woman. The definition of marriage has varied throughout history. Depending heavily on religious and political views of an individual society. Quote and quote changing the meaning of marriage would not damage the meaning a marriage. It would still be the same binding contract that it is today. In conclusion I argue that banning same-sex marriage is discriminatory. It is discriminatory because it denies homosexuals the many benefits received by heterosexual couples. The right to marriage in the United States has little to do with the religious and spiritual meaning of marriage. It has a lot to do with social justice, extending a civil right to a minority group. This is why I argue for same-sex marriage. The freedom to marry regardless of gender preference should be allowed.

Pros and Cons of Minimum Wage

Pros 1. Reduced poverty The minimum wage can improve the living standard of low-income workers, which ultimately reduce poverty. According to the International Labor Office (2005), reducing poverty and working poverty requires both productivity growth and employment creation. The World Development Report 2004-05 also stated that there is strong empirical evidence that creating decent employment opportunities is the best way to take people out of poverty. As a result, the wealth gap between the rich and the poor can be narrowed.The Keynesian argument for minimum wages – this suggests that lower-income workers have a high propensity to consume, and that with the extra disposable income from minimum wage, they will spend a high portion the sum which will be injected back into the circular flow of income. In regions and localities where average incomes are low, a higher minimum pay rate can boost total demand for goods and services and create a positive multiplier effect – but much depends on the effect of a pay floor on how many people remain in work. . Reduced government spending on social welfare Since workers are being paid more per hour, their increased purchasing power enable them to meet pay for their basic needs on their own, without relying on government â€Å"top-up† welfare benefits. Therefore, this can greatly reduce the government expenditure on the social welfare, and the spending can be used in other ways, such as education and medication. Cons 1. Reduced employment of the less-skilled workersImplementation of minimum wage can reduce the employment of the less-skilled workers (Neumark & Wascher, 2008). According to The Wall Street Journal (2009), Economists for the Federal Reserve reviewed over 100 academic studies on the impact of the minimum wage and found overwhelming evidence that lower skilled and young workers have increased rates of unemployment when there is a higher minimum wage. These workers are laid off as their emplo yer finds that the employee’s labor is not worth the required age, but additionally employers are filling these jobs with higher skilled labor (Garfield, 1996). Additionally, many others pointed out the importance of the entry level jobs and observed that the loss of these jobs would have a negative impact on the development of a good work ethic in young workers (Irvin, 2009). 2. Shift the cost to consumers The increase in the minimum wage has caused many of these small businesses to raise their prices just to cover costs (Messerli, 2009).As labour is a factor of production, an increase in the average cost of labour will push up the unit cost of products. With the persistent increase in the general price level, there will be at a risk of inflation. 3. Difficult for small businesses to survive in the market Some small businesses may find it difficult to survive in the economy because they cannot afford to pay the minimum wage stipulated by the law. It obstructs their chances o f growth and thereby hampers the economic growth in the larger context.Though some of these companies would charge higher to the consumers, consumers may eventually decide that the high prices cannot be justified and the small business is forced to close (Messerli, 2009). 4. Shadow labour markets may develop Due to the surplus of labour, more people are willing to work at the minimum price than employers are willing to hire, and it is likely that workers will try to sell their services at illegally low prices. These workers are often, especially in America, illegal immigrants who are hired in favour of tax paying citizens.This will cause a decrease in tax revenue as more workers are not reporting their incomes, and an increase in the amount of unemployment benefits the government will have to pay out. The minimum wage benefits those who are employed at it and disadvantages those who loose out on potential employment because of employers hiring from a shadow labour market. The effect of minimum wages on unemployment will depend on the elasticity of demand for labour. If the demand for labour is inelastic, the introduction f minimum wages will only increase unemployment a little. Job losses may simply be due to the increase in labour cost which would result in a lower demand for labour. **** 5. Distortion to the free market Minimum wages are a barrier to the free market. If the minimum wage is set above the market clearing price, it will result in rising unemployment. Some firms will judge the opportunity cost of hiring an extra employee too high and this may prevent some workers from finding jobs who otherwise would normally find it.In a totally free market, they may be willing to accept lower wages. However, even if the artificial barrier were not present, the action of trade unions would greatly limit the wage reduction that workers would tolerate. Rather than have the entirety of the workers in a union take a pay cut, it is more likely that some will be fire d and the rest will continue work at the same wage rate. This means that even in a free market, the offer of lower wages can result in unemployment due to the effect of sticky wages.Equally, in some cases, when wages drop too low, people are willing to forgo employment. This is because the benefits of being employed are hardly greater than the unemployment benefits they would receive otherwise. This is known as the unemployment trap and its result is that even in a free market, if the equilibrium price is too low, unemployment will rise. For the two aforementioned reasons it is impossible to say that the imposition of a minimum wage will definitely cause higher unemployment than if wages were left to the invisible hand of the free market.Reference: Garfield, R. , (1996). â€Å"The Case Against a Higher Minimum Wage†. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www. house. gov/jec/cost-gov/regs/minimum/against/against. htm International Labour Office (2005). World employment report 2 004-05: employment, productivity and poverty reduction. , p. p. 31. Irvin, M. , (2009). â€Å"Minimum Wage Increase Pleases Workers, But Employers Not So Happy†. Retrieved March 8, 2012, from http://blog. al. com/live/2009/07/minimum_wage_increase_pleases. html Messerli, J. (2009). â€Å"Should the Minimum Wage be Abolished (i. e. Reduced to $0. 00)? †. Retrieved March 9, 2012, from http://www. balancedpolitics. org/minimum_wage. htm Neumark, David (Editor); Wascher, William L. (Editor). Minimum Wages. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2008. p. 104-105, 189-190, 258-259. The Wall Street Journal, (2009, October). â€Å"The Young and the Jobless†, The Wall Street Journal, at A12. Retrieved March 12, 2012, from http://online. wsj. com/article/SB10001424052970203440104574402820278669840. html

The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control essays

The Pivot Points of Alcohol Consumption Control essays For thousands of years alcohol has been regarded by society as a temporary escape from reality and the tensions of everyday life. People use alcohol to reduce stress, to relax, and to enjoy a good evening. This should be the real purpose of alcohol drinking. This is the way in which alcohol should be looked upon. There should be no reason for alcohol drinking to be looked upon as negative action. Drinking alcohol however, is in fact regarded as a negative action by society and the government. This is not because of the action drinking alcohol itself but actually because of the abuse people undertake with such an action. Alcohol reduces the ability of a human being to undergo the basic and every day thought processes, in such a way impeding a person under the influence of alcohol to engage in regular and everyday events. Arguably, the problem of alcohol drinking counts for one of the largest threats to human life in the world. This is due to the high number of fatalities occurring fro m alcohol related murders, fights, and most of all- traffic accidents. Alcohol abuse impairs a humans ability to drive a vehicle and consequently creates simple grounds for death from a car collision. In the United States alone, drinking and driving accidents account for the number one cause of death among all age groups, mainly however, young adults and late teenagers. Youth in the United States is suffering from a high number of fatalities and injuries caused from falls, burns, crashes, drowning, violence, suicide, and poisoning- where the highest percentage of these accidents are related to alcohol. Due to the fact that alcohol abuse is such a high cause for morbidity and injury, governments and societies of countries all over the world concentrate on different techniques and methods in which to decrease these regrettable incidents. The problem is however, alcohol cannot be completely abolished. Drinking alcohol has formed such a large part of life...

Marginalisation of Women essays

Marginalisation of Women essays Marginalisation is the powerlessness and exclusion experienced by a group, resulting from an inequality of control of resources and power structures (Kenny 1999 p 22) within society. Feminism argues that woman are marginalised due the patriarchal structure of society (Andrews 200 p28). In an attempt to explore my own position in society as a woman, I have chosen to research the marginalisation experienced by women in terms of gender, class and age. I have taken a sociological approach to my research, which included a literature review of sociological papers written in relation to gender, class and age, and two interviews with a woman (who for the purposes of confidentiality, will be referred to as Sally), about how being a woman has affected her life experiences. By comparing the information given by Sally, to the previous research conducted by sociologists, I will identify examples of how women are marginalised in modern society, and reflect on these findings to broaden my own und erstanding of womanhood. Social Science is an area of study which attempts to explain social phenomena, such as marginalisation, by using systematic and scientific methods to analyse the social world (Lucas 2004 p7). Sociology is a branch of Social Science, and explores the relationship between people and society (Lucas 2004 p 21). A sociological approach to research examines how the larger societal context can provide social or cultural explanations for social behaviour (Lucas 2004:21). Therefore the interviews conducted for this research focused on how the interviewees experiences affect her perception of her social status. The first interview was informal and consisted of unstructured questions relating to Sallys age, gender, class, religion, race and ethnicity. The questions asked in the second interview were more structured and related specifically to Sallys gender, class and...

Nutrition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Nutrition - Essay Example It is I this regard that a program that is aimed at reducing the incidence and prevalence of this condition among preschool children is justifiable. Project Plan The plan of the project includes identification of the needs of preschool children and their parents in relation to childhood obesity. Needs such as education requirements for parents on nutrition will be assessed during the program. The needs of children for improved health will be determined during the project through screening criteria. This includes determining the seriousness of the obesity condition among these children including the impact that it has had on their physical, emotional and cognitive well being. The assessment and determination of needs will be followed by a design and implementation of the most appropriate interventions for overcoming the problem. This includes the involvement of various stakeholders and the community in the project. Evaluation of the project in relation to effectiveness in achievement of the set goals and objectives will also be part of the project which will be culminated by reporting of the findings and recommendations to relevant authorities, partners and players. Expected Outcomes It is expected that at the end of the project, the society is aware of the proper nutritional measure that will help them to prevent childhood obesity among preschool children. ... In addition, training of teachers and parents on the management of the children in preventing obesity is one of the major expected outcomes of the project. In addition, the preschoolers are expected to have been involved in between moderate to strenuous physical activity as a way through which they would keep fit both physically and cognitively. Target Audience The target audience for the project includes parents, teachers and the preschoolers themselves. This is because the activities that will be conducted within the project aim at solving the problem of obesity among the children with the help of their parents and teachers. For example the playground which is one of the outcomes of the project aims at allowing the children to utilize it in physical exercise which will be a prerequisite for improved health and prevention of obesity among them. Moreover the training program will target the teachers and parents so that they would be equipped with adequate skills and knowledge in help ing the young children to overcome their condition. Stakeholders/Partners The stakeholders of this project include the government, non-governmental organizations, health care systems, health care professionals, school administrators, teachers, parents, the community and the preschool children themselves. Each of these stakeholders will play important roles in promoting the achievement of the goals and objectives of the project. The government through its agencies at the local level will approve the project in addition to provision financial resources to support the project upon approval by the relevant authorities. The non-governmental organizations are also part of the donors of the

A View from the Trenches Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

A View from the Trenches - Essay Example You would inquire from these individuals and find out if the senior managers usually acted that way all the time. This would help you take the next action; for example, if you were the first to be treated that way, you would report to the senior executives immediately through a letter. The other thing would be taking legal action against the senior managers immediately in case you found out that the executives ignored such messages (Collins 47). The final, but ultimate thing would be ensuring that you understand the ethical program of the company. This is because different ethical programs have differing objectives and their meanings may also be different. For example, while some ethical principles aim at differentiating right from wrong, others only describe ethical behavior (Collins 34). As managers, you would have formulated proposals to help the companies understand ethics and formulate efficient ethical programs. This is because complaining in silence did not only harm you, but it continued to harm the organizations. For example, you would propose ethical trainings that would help senior managers to understand why this field is essential and how it may be