Essay on The Tragedy of Steroids - 3630 Words

Steroids that are used by athletes are the artificial form of testosterone, a human hormone released by the body to stimulate and maintain the male sexual organs. Testosterone is called a male hormone since it is produced in men in large quantities compared to the quantity produced in women (Mishra, 1-2). Hormones that are produced by the testes and the adrenal gland in men and ovaries and adrenal gland in women contains certain kind of fat called steroids, natural ones, which means solid in Greek. The body produces about 600 different kinds of steroids called androgens these kinds include testosterone. The amount of testosterone produced in males is about 10 to 15 times more than in women. For this reason we notice that†¦show more content†¦Steroids Development From the early ages man was concerned in increasing his power and his sexual ability. Athletes in the old Greek used to take some wine mixed with strychnine, stimulus of the CNS, taken from plants. Others ate hallucinogenic drugs (Reuters, 1). In 140 BC Indians used to eat testicle tissue that gave them sexual ability and helped in overcoming impotence problems. During 2000 Babylonians noticed that castration did not only caused fertility problems but also they lose their aggressiveness and power (Yesalis, 31-32). Steroids were first developed in the 1930s By Dr. Charles Kockakian, who was called the father of anabolic steroids, to prevent body tissues from breaking down due diseases, but the illegal use of steroids started in the Olympic games in the 1950s after the athletic committee has found that Russian athletes and some East European nations athletics won the majority of the medals and that was due to the use of steroids (Mishra, 1). This was a result after Paul de Kruif a science writer suggested in 1940s the idea of using the tissue-building drug to be used in sports so that athletes could enhance their performance. However, the mystery of the movement of drugs from laboratory to sports is not discovered yet, since no one know how steroids invaded every kind of sports (Yesalis, 34-36). After discovering the tissue-building property so many researches were done to isolate this property from androgenicShow MoreRelatedThe Drawbacks Of Anabolic Steroids1384 Words   |  6 PagesThe Drawbacks of Anabolic Steroids and Why They Should Stay Illegal Anabolic steroids have been used and taken by humans for over half a century. The effects they provide have developed large ongoing debates as to whether these substances should be allowed to the general public. Anabolic steroid in short provide the human body a much grander potential to build muscle by helping the cells within the body produce more muscle fibers at an astonishing rate that could never be achieved naturally. ManyRead MoreShould Peds Persist Illegal For Athletes?1220 Words   |  5 Pagesgame perfectly and safely. One reason that PEDs should stay illegal is that PEDs lead to many hazardous health problems. In the field of sports, many heart attacks tragedies happened to a plethora of athletes obviously because of using performance enhancing drugs (PEDs). For example, in the FIFA Confederations Cup, a tragedy happened during a game between the national teams of Cameron and Colombia. Cameron’s Player Marc Foe had a heart attack and fell down on the field’s grass. TakingRead MoreTaking a Look at Local Produce1678 Words   |  7 Pageshundreds of people have lately been traced back to specific farms, food processors, and specific food handlers. (As stated by sustainabletable.org) Some major issues with buying non local foods that have an effect of the earth are pesticides and steroids. They can be put into these foods and can seriously harm the consumer. Pesticides are made to kill pests to the plant, but they often hurt humans instead. By buying local food, your chances of eating foods that contain pesticides become less likelyRead More Othello vs O the Modern Spin Essay853 Words   |  4 Pagesissues that are relevant for a contemporary audience. However, ultimately the literary value of Othello is lost in this appropriation† The film ‘O’ directed by Tim Blake Nelson is a recognised contemporary interpretation of Shakespeare’s classic tragedy Othello, which addresses a number of issues that are relevant to a modern day audience compared to that of the past. The director of the film has changed crucial parts of the play which makes the play such a classic, which has essentially ruined theRead MoreEssay about Is Steroid use the Price of Fame?1005 Words   |  5 Pageswhat they do that they will hurt themselves and the people who love them to do it. In the 1988 Olympics in Seoul Korea, runner Ben Johnson won Olympic gold in the 100-meter dash, only to have his medal stripped from him after he tested positive for steroids. He was already one of the favorites in the event, but he needed to be sure. He was not confident enough in his own ability that he needed an extra edge. He chose to break laws to give him an even greater chance of winning. His decision left himRead More Drugs, Cheating, and the Purity of Americas Pastime Essay example2862 Words   |  12 Pageshearts. Steroids have tarnished these sacred memories, cast doubts in the minds of many on the legitimacy of records and statistics and finally affected the way younger players play the game. Baseball, America’s pastime, is embedded in the fabric of society. The players and teams have come and gone, but the thing that remains constant is baseball’s ability to unite people as well as families. My own personal experience of this came right after September 11th, 2001. Following the tragedy that wasRead MoreThe Discovery Of Genetics And Inheritance Essay1688 Words   |  7 Pagesone person’s life can alter a genetic expression into future generations (Reul, 2014). This alteration would in turn create a vulnerability factor or a predisposition towards anxiety disorders such as PTSD (Yehuda,2007). The holocaust was a famous tragedy that killed many innocent people and physically or psychologically damaged the survivors who were exposed to the terrible treatment of the NAZI regime. A study was performed on children who were born to survivors of the Holocaust. These children wereRead MorePharmacy Compounding Regulations The Genesis of the Drug Quality and Se curity Act642 Words   |  3 Pagesmedical catastrophe when supposedly sterile materials were contaminated with infectious agents.1 In September 2012, a now defunct Massachusetts compounding pharmacy, the New England Compounding Center (NECC) synthesized over 17,000 contaminated steroid pain injections that were shipped to 23 states.2 Up to this point, the methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) injections compounded by the NECC have caused the death of 64 people and resulted in 751 cases of fungal meningitis in 11 states. With over 750Read MoreShould Drugs be Legalized?1007 Words   |  4 Pagesbureaucrat tells him that he cannot have this drug? There are millions of AIDS patients in similar tragedy. The two most harmful and dangerous substances are alcohol and tobacco. Yet, they are legal, only because they are popular. Marianne Apostolides of the pro-legalization Lindesmith Center wrote in the Wall Street Journal: Marijuana is safer than other substances such as nicotine and steroids. Most people who use marijuana have no problem with it. â€Å"The question about legalized drugs is theRead MoreBlack Sox Scanda l and Its Effect on America2032 Words   |  9 Pagescheating the game. Although, cheating in baseball has been around since the introduction of the game, only few scandals have really made history. Some of the most famous scandals include the Black Sox Scandal, the gambling of Pete Rose, and the use of steroids by players to enhance their performance. Despite these corruptions the game has still managed to stay America’s most loved sport. Although cheating in baseball was around since the beginning one of the most remembered scandals in baseball history

Essay The Foundation of The United States of America

The world struggled long and hard to achieve what it has today, countless war and civilizations declining one after another. The United States of America is a nation combined and influenced by other successful civilization. The success and wonder of America and the world simply would not be the same if it weren’t for two of the most revered and influential civilization, the Roman Empire and Athens Greece. Both were well ahead of their time in terms of invention, studies, and ideas. The United States of America owes its thanks to both of these nation; our laws, government, scientific understanding, and continued advancement in technology all started from them. Athens Greece impacted us in a broader and much more significant sense because it†¦show more content†¦Geometry and Algebra are so crucial to the development of the world it is taught to every public high school in the United States, around 14.8 million teenagers each year (National Center for Education Statistic s). Mathematics is the engine powering our world; our stocks, economy, technology, and science are all based off from math. Math is our universal and definite language â€Å"I was especially delighted with the mathematics, on account of the certitude and evidence of their reasonings.† (Rene Descartes, 1637). †To seek to ease pain is natural† (Silverburg, 16). Since the beginning of time mankind has struggle with disease, wound, and death; thus men try to find relief in those pain kindle the flame towards medication. Countless civilization tries their hand at medication, China and Greece both sought to find way in ending disease and sickness, however most people at the time believed disease and pain are cause by gods or other mythological being and superstition. This concept of thinking remained unchanged until 460 B.C.E in Athens Greece when Hippocrates came in and introduces the notion of modern medicine and treatment. Hippocrates broke many groundbreaking achiev ement in regarding medicine such as the brain controlling thoughts and emotion but what he was remember for is taking out the superstition aspect in medicine and treatment by many people and taking a scientific and logical approach (Downey, 2).Show MoreRelatedThe Current Constitutional Foundation For The United States Of America1350 Words   |  6 Pagescurrent constitutional foundation for the United States of America. This structure of government provides our country with a fortified relationship between each individual state and the national government. Prior to the U.S Constitution, the United States government operated under the Articles of Confederation, which outlined the United States previous federal system. The system provided in the Articles failed due to limited central power and unorganized leniency in the states. This pushed AmericansRead MoreThe Necessary Separation of Church and State in America Essay1641 Words   |  7 PagesThe Necessary Separation of Church and State in America On January 1, 1802, Thomas Jefferson wrote a letter to the Committee of the Danbury Baptist Association in Connecticut in which he stated: â€Å"Believing with you that religion is a matter which lies solely between Man his God, that he owes account to none other for his faith or his worship, that the legitimate powers of government reach actions only, not opinions, I contemplate with sovereign reverence that act of the whole AmericanRead MoreLupus Research Institute Is The Only Nonprofit Organization761 Words   |  4 Pagesis the only nonprofit organization in the nation’s that solely dedicated to the novel research in Lupus. Their main office is located in New York City. They also have a Midwest division office that is located in Chicago. That is partnering with the state and the local Lupus organizations that are nationwide. The Lupus Research Institute were founded in 2000 (Guide Star). They were founded by patients, their families also some leading scientists. They also go by the name LRI it is short for the LupusRead MoreThe Roots Of American Exceptionalism1055 Words   |  5 Pagesexceptionalism via his document Democracy in America. However, his use of exceptionalism does not match the true concept. Tocqueville reveals that â€Å"Americans have no aptitude or taste for science, literature, or art, but argues that this is due to the particular American experience, and is no natural concomitant to democracy† (Gordon). Communist leader Jay Lovestone stated that everyone was in the revolution of communism with the exception of the United States. In response, soviet leader Joseph StalinRead MoreRacial Profiling Is Not Be Acknowledged As A Law Authorization1476 Words   |  6 PagesRacial profiling emerges as a standout amongst the most dubious issues in the United States of America as well as different parts of the world all the more so in the created nations. Basically, it includes the utilization of the ethnicity, race or nati onality of a person as the fundamental variable of law authorization methodology, for example, arbitrary checks, capture and so forth. In the United States of America, racial profiling is generally considered by numerous individuals as an apparatusRead MoreBasic Principles of Democracy916 Words   |  4 PagesThe United States of America has five basic principles which ensure the ability of the country. The basic foundations: fundamental worth, equality of all persons, majority rule minority rights, necessity of compromise, and ividual freedom. This paper reviews three of the five principles: majority rule and minority rights, individual freedom, and necessity of compromise. Two of these cases of individual freedom plus majority rule and minority rights the United States has failed to upholdRead MoreGovernmental Foundation in the Declaration of Independence Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages On July 4, 1776, the United States of Americas Declaration of Independence was adopte d by the Second Continental Congress, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This document, primarily written by Thomas Jefferson, announced that the thirteen colonies were declaring their independence and, in doing so, were independent states apart from the British Empire. The Declaration of Independence is comprised mainly of colonial grievances and assertions of human rights. The Declaration of Independence formed aRead MoreAmerica s Christian History : The Testament Of America1168 Words   |  5 PagesThrough American history, we are told over and over that America was based upon a foundation of God fearing men, but without the knowledge that we are who we are because of God himself, we would be nothing. In the book, America s Christian History: The Untold Story, it speaks upon the moral foundations of the government that were established by the Pilgrims/Puritans and the Founding Fathers of America. Kirk Fordice was the former governor of Mississippi. He made the bold statement by which manyRead MoreJohn Locke And James Harrington Essay1378 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States of America is known for being a complete cultural melting pot. With these cultures comes the application of a wide-range of philosophies. Political Philosophers such as John Locke and James Harrington along with the seekers of religious freedom the Pilgrims set a standard for government’s role in American’s lives. This standard is then transformed into what James Madison referred to as â€Å"factions† or as contemporary Americans would refer to as Political parties. All of these variablesRead MoreAmerican Lit : Burden Of The United States1031 Words   |  5 PagesMorgan Finley American Lit Burden December 12, 2014 American What does it mean to be American? Webster’s defines an American as: Of or relating to the United States of America or its people, language, or culture. My definition to be American means that you’re free. Free to say what you want. Free to choose your own religion. Free to vote for whom you want. Free to grow up and pick the occupation you desire. Free to go where you please. Free of being a slave to no one! Free to love whom you want

Essay about Socialism - 579 Words

Socialism Socialism is a type of economic system, a political movement, and a social theory. Socialism is based on the idea that governments should own and control a nations resources rather than individuals. Socialism was first used to describe opposition to the free enterprise and market economies. The Industrial Revolution was the cause of many social problems. Long work hours, low pay, and poor working conditions caused Americans to first consider socialism. With government involvement in business, fairer treatment for all was feasible. Most countries today have socialist parties, many have socialist governments, and others who are in between have adopted socialist ideas. Communism and socialism are†¦show more content†¦It is disagreement among socialists that has made for a wide spectrum of ideas, possibly making it more difficult for socialism to exist. Socialism and Karl Marx are two words that belong together. Marx was the most influential socialist of the 1800s. Marx expressed his ideas in the Communist Manifesto. He believed that all history is a series of struggles between the ruling and the working classes. Marx predicted that the ruling class would be overthrown and predicted the working class would set up a society based on common ownership. Socialism has never been very strong in the United States. Because of the opportunity for even the poor to become successful, socialism has never been able to grow. The strongest movement might have been during World War I. socialists tried to group, but because of problems at hand nothing was accomplished. After World War I a complete collapse of socialism occurred. Today the U.S. still practices a small amount of socialism. Government regulates and controls many private businesses, provides welfare, and strives to maintain a high employment rate. The government also uses its strong taxing, spending, and credit powers. Yet the United States has fewer socialist features than any other industrialized nation. Like many other people, I feel there are pros and cons to socialism. Socialism would generally make for a moreShow MoreRelatedSocialism1284 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism High Point University ECO 207 Tony Benjamin Socialism Socialist government is not state government. It would not rule over people and places, but would empower the people to rule over things. Socialism means a government in which the people collectively own and democratically operate the industries and social services through an economic democracy (SLP 2006). Under socialism, it is his/her fellow citizens and co-workers who create the policies and conditions for its communityRead MoreCapitalism Vs. Socialism And Socialism868 Words   |  4 PagesCapitalism vs Socialism Capitalism and socialism have been two school of thoughts in economics that have opposing factors, and there have been a lot of criticisms and comparison on which economy is better in terms of economic equality, and the role that the government plays in the society. In most situations, a society with a better economic opportunities and choices, with more technological advancement and private owned businesses would be a better option to a society that is collectively ownedRead MoreSocialism Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesSocialism Socialism is the economic theory or system, in which the community owns the means of production, distribution, and exchange collectively, usually through the state. It is characterized by production for use rather than profit, by equality of individual wealth, by the absence of competitive economic activity, and, usually, by government determination of investment, prices and production levels. It is collective because society can control production unlike capitalism and because productionRead MoreRevisionist Socialism1088 Words   |  5 PagesRevisionist Socialism What is it? Revisionist socialism seeks to reform or tame capitalism rather than abolish it. †¨It seeks to reconcile socialism with capitalism. It seeks social justice in the sense of narrowing the economic and social inequalities (to varying degrees) within capitalism through welfare and redistribution. Social democracy is the most obvious example of revisionist socialism. Revisionists are invariably parliamentary, not revolutionary, socialists. Bernstien BeginningRead MoreWhat Is Socialism?780 Words   |  4 PagesSocialism means a society restructured according to the working-class principle of solidarity. It means an economy of democratic planning, based on common ownership of the means of production, a high level of technology, education, culture and leisure, economic equality, no material privileges for officials, and accountability. Beyond the work necessary to ensure secure material comfort for all, it means the maximum of individual liberty and autonomy. Working-class socialism - counterposed byRead More Socialism Essay1751 Words   |  8 Pagessociety would be as socialist, we must understand the difference between socialist and capitalist ideas. The question becomes not so much as what is socialism, but how does it differ from capitalism, and what is wrong with capitalistic ideas to where we would need socialism. The problem becomes where do you draw the line between capitalism and socialism to where we have trust, sense of community and also competition? If the answer were that simple we would live in a perfect society. A problem thatRead MoreSocialism in The Jungle1715 Words   |  7 PagesSocialism in â€Å"The Jungle† By Tyler Dobson Sinclair’s  The Jungle  is a novel that tends to advocate for socialism as a remedy for the evils of capitalism that has dominated a society. Upton Sinclair’s piece was written in 1906, at a time when many European immigrants had migrated to the United States with the hope of becoming prosperous in their lives. However, their expectations were not met as some of them ended up being unemployed and those who managed to get jobs like Jurgis Rudkus inRead MoreSocialism : Socialism Vs. Capitalism1156 Words   |  5 PagesEric Butterbaugh Mrs. Penwell English Composition November 8, 2015 Socialism V. Capitalism In the past the word Socialism or Socialist has been used with a negative connotation but recently with the rise of Senator Bernie Sander, Independent from Vermont, running for the Democratic Nomination for President of the United States of America, it has became a positive word that many people are finding themselves agreeing with and flocking to see a Socialist speak about economic and social problemsRead More socialism Essay941 Words   |  4 Pages Socialism is a way of controlling the economy, in which the government owns and runs all of the businesses of a society. Socialism can be broken up into two different categories: Utopian Socialism and Scientific Socialism. These two types have some similar views, but also are very different in certain ways. For example, Utopian Society is basically a peaceful way to get what you want whereas Scientific Socialism, which was what Karl Marx represented, held the belief that the only way to get whatRead MoreThe Misunderstandings of Socia lism1238 Words   |  5 PagesQuotes like Winston Churchill’s have become part of the political rhetoric when leaders discuss the idea of socialism. In current events you can see the exact same argumentation being used against legislation such as the Affordable Health Care Act. Conservative talking heads such as Bill O’Reilly equate it to socialism because, as Mr. O’Reilly says himself, â€Å"[i]n order to provide for the have nots, the far left wants the federal government to seize the assets of solvent Americans. That’s what ObamaCare

AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce Essay examples

The two stories I chose are AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce. Both stories tell a tale of social and philosophical differences of middle class adolescent boys, when compared to the adults in the stories. In the short story AP by John Updike, the story is told in a first person narrative of a teenage boy working as a cashier in an AP grocery store on a hot summer day. The story begins with the teenage boy named Sammy becoming preoccupied by a group of three teenage girls that walk into the grocery store wearing bathing suits. Sammy admires the girls beauty as most nineteen year old adolescent boys would, in a slightly lewd and immature nature. His grammar is flawed and he is clearly not of an upper-class family, his†¦show more content†¦Sammy philosophical differences first show in his feeling sorry for the girls at the way McMahon, the butcher had leered at them, even though Sammy himself was guilty of the same lewd conduct. I believe Sammy thought it acceptable for him to leer at the girls, but not for old McMahon because of the difference in age between Sammy and McMahon. Sammys philosophical differences culminate with him quitting his job because of the way his boss, Lengel, treated the girls. Even though Lengel states its the store policy and it applies to everyone, Sammy views this as unfair treatment of the girls and uses this to take a stand for his beliefs and quits. Sammy realizes the magnitude of his philosophical decision when he walks out and finds the girls are gone and nothing has changed. Sammy realizes he has made a choice and he must stick to that choice even though nothing has changed. The decision he made was his choice based on his personal belief of right and wrong, even if Mr. Lengel and his parents couldnt understand that. In the short story Araby by James Joyce, the story is told in a unnamed first person narrative of an adolescent boy who is infatuated with theShow MoreRelatedA P by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce573 Words   |  2 PagesIn the short story AP, John Updike uses the power of desire as his theme. The girls, knowing it was not ethical, walk into the market with bathing suits and catch the eyes of the male workers. As the girls are acting innocent, they walk around as the guys just watch what the girls are going to do next. In many ways, taunting the males and walking in the grocery store was going against conformity, thus, leaving the girls embarrassed and shy when they are confronted by the manager of the store. InRead MoreJohn Updike s A P And James Joyce s Araby1877 Words   |  8 PagesComing-of-age is a chapter that every individual must inevitably trek through in order to grow and mature into one’s own self. In John Updike’s AP and James Joyce’s Araby , the theme of growth permeates throughout both narratives as their respective protagonists fabricate an ideal world from their own naive perspectives, only to shed their ignorant fantasies about how they believe to understand that the world can bend to their decisions to truly understand the cruelty behind world they live in: reachingRead MoreEssay on Comparison of A P by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce681 Words   |  3 Pages John Updikes â€Å"A P† and James Joyces â€Å"Araby† are very similar. The theme of the two stories is about a young man who is interested in figuring out the difference between reality and the fantasies of romance that play in his head and of the mistaken thoughts each has about their world, the girls, and themselves. One of the main similarities between the two stories is the fact that the main character has built up unrealistic expectations of women. Both characters have focused upon one girl inRead MoreThe Stages of Maturation in James Joyce’s Araby John Updikes AP from the Authors Perspective902 Words   |  4 PagesWhen comparing the views of both James Joyce and John Updike on maturation from adolescence to adulthood it will be important to continually compare two of their similar works in Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and Updike’s â€Å"AP†. James Joyce and John Updike follow similar views with the latter using Joyce as a foundation and following in similar footsteps; both authors follow a process of maturation based on the allure of love, while doing it at different stages of each of the protagonists’ lives resulting in similarRead More The Decline of Chivalry Explored in Araby and AP Essay1211 Words   |  5 PagesRomantic gestures have been seen as a useful motive to win hearts of women for centuries. However, as society constantly changes, the effectiveness of these chivalrous acts has diminished. In James Joyce’s â€Å"Araby† and John Updike’s â€Å"AP†, this theory is explored, both telling the story of a boy whose efforts to impress the girl of their desires fail. As said by Well’s in his critical analysis of these stories, â€Å"Both the protagonists have come to realize that romantic gestures—in fact, that the wholeRead More Love and Disillusionment in Araby and A and P Essay980 Words   |  4 PagesLove and Disillusionment in â€Å"Araby by James Joyce and â€Å"A and P by John Updike â€Å"Araby by James Joyce and â€Å"A and P by John Updike are both short stories in which the central characters are in love with women who don’t even know it. The Araby story started sad and ended sadder, however, the â€Å"A and P† story started happy and ended with a heroic act that went unnoticed. The main characters both experience new situations and truths of which they were not previously aware. Both stories willRead MoreEpiphany Vs Araby833 Words   |  4 Pagesthe modern age are â€Å"AP† by John Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce. The story â€Å"AP† by John Updike is about an eighteen year old boy named Sammy who works at the AP and finds an attraction to three girls who repeatedly walk into the AP in bathing suits, after the girls are embarrassed by the manager Sammy does the heroic act of quitting in honor of the three girls. The short story â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce is about a boy who take on the quest of going to a bazaar called Araby and buying his crush aRead More Comparing Updikes AP and Joyces Araby Essay1336 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Updikes A P and Joyces Araby  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   John Updikes A P and James Joyces Araby share many of the same literary traits. The primary focus of the two stories revolves around a young man who is compelled to decipher the difference between cruel reality and the fantasies of romance that play in his head. That the man does, indeed, discover the difference is what sets him off into emotional collapse. One of the main similarities between the two stories is the fact that the mainRead MoreA P And Araby By James Joyce1200 Words   |  5 Pages AP by John Updike and Araby by James Joyce are two short stories that have multiple differences and similarities. AP is about a teenager and his lust for young ladies and Araby is about a young boy who had a crush on a older girl. I will be comparing and contrasting the portrayal of women, love and epiphany in the two short stories AP and Araby. I believe women are portrayed negatively in AP. I have came to this conclusion because I believe Sammy treats the â€Å"Queenie† positively but treatsRead MoreCompare And Contrast Araby And A P Short Story999 Words   |  4 Pagesstories â€Å"AP† by John Updike and â€Å"Araby† by James Joyce both reflect coming of age stories. In the story AP, the narrator, Sammy quits his job to stand up for the three girls wearing â€Å"nothing but their bathing suits†() In the story Araby, the narrator shows himself growing up through discovering his sexuality. In the stories AP and Araby there are strong similarities in the plot and setting, however they are also different in the imagery and figurative language. The setting in â€Å"AP† takes place

Fear of Being Misunderstood Essay Example For Students

Fear of Being Misunderstood Essay Understanding, love, caring is the keys to a good relationship. There should be no place for misunderstanding, if there is one you are on the shaky ground. Being misunderstood is when your intension is been proved wrong or different or when you mean something else and something really different totally different happens, against your intensions or expectations. When I 14yrs old my nature was kind of bubbly, I was sociable. But my dad always stopped me going out with friends. I couldnt talk to boys. My parents are form India and they brought with them in Canada their old fashioned way of thinking. Once when I was in India, my dad saw me hugging a boy. He was one of the popular boys in my school and was my best friend. My dad took me home and he told my mom all about that and made it a big issue. Then as a punishment he took away my TV, my computer and even my phone. I was constantly trying to explain myself but he didnt want any explanations. I was feeling so frustrated just like when your expectations are proved wrong. An explanation would have solved this problem if he has given me the chance to explain. I was frustrated because my parents took away my things and I couldnt do anything. I was so angry because they gave me the punishment without knowing the reason why did I hug him or what do I think about that boy. But the reality was that I hugged that boy just to thank him as he helped me to get out of some trouble. And most of all he was my best friend not more then that. Not taking care of somebodys explanations, announcing his/her decisions can create a big web of misunderstanding. Listening to explanations, understanding the person in front of you, you definitely can avoid the problem of being misunderstood. If I could get the chance I would have discussed the matter with my parents and would have placed my views in front of them. To understand somebody you have to put your foot in another persons shoe. A victim with this kind of fear could cause a person: depression, lack of confidence and even to commit suicide in some cases when it is unbearable. You feel frustrated when you or your intentions are consider wrong by some other person and the only way to overcome this is to have a talk, discussion or an objective conversation.

Introduction To Construction The Management -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Introduction To Construction The Management? Answer: Introduction Rental values are subjected to occasional rise and fall, hence the contractual rent, also known as Passing Rent, agreed upon in an existing lease is bound to differ from the current market value of rent. In case the passing rent is less than the value of the market rent, it is considered that the investment is reversionary. To evaluate the investment value of an asset, there are different methods employed by investors, depending on their internal contribution and the amount borrowed. In the current case, we shall be focussing on the Term and Reversion and the Layer / Hardcore methods for determining the Market Value of the property under consideration. Interpreting Valuations I will illustrate both the methods here, so that it is easy to understand the calculations and the results shown in the Table. We need to value the property under consideration by assuming that the Passing Rent is 1,125,000 per annum and this is expected to revert to the market rent valued at 1,148,000 per annum in about 7 years time, as per Baum Baum, (2015). We have established that the present value at 5.10% of 1 is shown in Table-02. Through Table-01 we have also established that the initial yield is 4.95% and the reversionary yield is calculated as 6.53%. The approach adopted here is known as the Term and Reversion Method and as shown in Table-03, the derived cash flow is considered as sliced vertically. I have also adopted an alternative approach and this also generates the same result. This method is the Hardcore Method and here the cash flow is sliced horizontally. The results have been shown in Table-04. For the benefit of the investor, I wish to make a note that the Total Returns shown in the calculations on the basis of 5.10% initial yield are not the investors total or overall returns. The 5.10%, all-risks yield, is notional and has been taken to imply that the actual rental growth, which is bound to increase the income generated during the holding period and will also help in producing a capital gain in the event of a resale by the investor. On these basis, it is safe to assume that the investor will be having a far higher overall rate of return, which may be somewhere between 7% and 9% p.a., asserts Myers, (2012). Interpreting Appraisals My appraisal commences with the summary of the listed office property as shown in the Data Table-01. I would like to point out that this investment may appear to be similar to a ten-year government bond. I am making this comparison by way of illustration as such bonds offer a yield of 4% and for the purpose of determining the IRR of this office property, the discount rate selected by me is also 4.38%. However, in case this same investment is made by the investor with keeping an initial yield of 6%, I would be suggesting that the investor is planning with an anticipated additional risk while determining the cash flow of the investment, keeping it over and above of the government bond, explains Baum, (2009). Although, in principal, I would say that all investment properties are bound to carry such an additional risk premium because of the liquid nature of the investments, according to Goodhart Hofmann, (2007). In the above cited office IPMS 3 property, the additional uncertainties in the above mentioned cash flow could include: The age of the office IPMS 3 property and would also include the inherent impact of its ability of re-let at the end of the current lease. There can be an uncertain but potential period of vacancy after the current lease expires and this in particular costs both time and money. Thus there can be connected uncertainty of the nature of political and economic issues as these can be affected by lack in occupational demand and lowering of market rents, in particular when the lease ends. There can be uncertainty which may occur due to slackness in future investment demand and this may affect the overall pricing of the property and may also increase the level of market risk, as per Karadimitrio, Magalhaes Verhage, (2013). The current data, shown in Table-01 has been described as Scenario-A in this report with the following basic facts about the IPMS 3 office property. Address Office A, North Street, Middletown Construction year 2015 Tenant Government Department Floor area 4,500 sq mtr Lease term 10 years, FRI, with 5 yearly, upward only, rent reviews (10 years unexpired term) Rent 1,125,000 p.a. (250 per sq mtr) Market rent 1,485,000 p.a. (330 per sq mtr) I have considered this Scenario-A only for the purpose of transactional evidence. The above noted uncertainty factors have been projected based on this scenario although it may not be possible to analyse accurately the impact created by each one of the listed factors on the final cash flow. I can safely say that any adjustments, made to the initial yield, shall be dependent on the differing characteristics of the property and also rely largely on the experience and skill of the valuer, aseert Ashworth Perera, (2015). Interpreting Analyses When I take on the interpretation analysis of the above noted Scenario-A and which has been tabulated with results in Table-05, 06 and 07, I may state that in most cases pertaining to property investments, investors have the tendency of adopting a quantitative approach. I have also adopted this approach and have assessed the Market Value of the property by assessing the worth of the property, using the market and investment criteria, as per Taylor, (2008). I have also applied measures to the individual items of uncertainty, which I have already listed above, and conducted a risk analysis to assess whether the investor is prepared to accept these inherent uncertainties at the price which is being demanded, says Taylor, (2008). Although the risk analysis approach adopted by me for this assessment has wider implications but it has been based on the practised cash flow approach. I must admit that the analysis may vary from the basic upside, downside, best case by not taking into account a more detailed sensitivity analysis of the individual input variables, such as rental growth, rental values, vacancy periods, exit yields, etc., depending on the nature of this particular investor, I have used the risk scoring models, such as Term and Reversion and Hardcore Method, as per Robinson et al, (2015). It is an established fact that this same approach is usually adopted by financial institutions when providing debt finance. However, banks unlike investors, focus less on risk of being unable to obtain a particular return on the investment and focus more on: Risk of cash flow being insufficient for covering the interest payments. Risk of the residual value of the investment, at the time of maturity of the loan, being insufficient in being able to repaying the outstanding laon balance, as detailed by Ostrowski, (2013). Interpreting Results In Scenario-A, I had made allowance within the enhanced purchase price, to the possibility of refurbishing the building after the expiry of its current lease. This does not remove the uncertainty of the buildings obsolescence and any future vacancy issues, but it allows the investor in making an assessment of the impact on his Target Return and in deciding whether it is acceptable, says Kirkham, (2014). To give an alternate to the existing scenario, I have illustrated, in Scenario-B below, considering a new debt finance, in the ratio of 65:35, whereas 65% is the borrowing and 35% is the investors contribution. This borrowing is considered to be secured against the IPMS 3 office building stated in Scenario-A above. At the time of maturity of this loan, which is in five years time, there will still be another five years time remaining for the lease term to expire, but this would not be of concern for the lender as there will not be any time-lapse in re-letting, asserts Lavender, (2014) . Even after allowing for a small downfall in the Market Value of the property during the loan term period, the probability of the borrower in not repaying the loan remains very low as the ability of the borrower in meeting the finance interest payments remains comfortable throughout the loan period, as per Towey, (2013). Thus, despite a shortening of the unexpired term of lease, the lenders cash flow has few uncertainties, has a low probability of default and thus is a low risk profile, says Pratt, (2010). On the other hand, the investors cash flow is positive, even if the shorter unexpired lease period has had a negative impact on the final value of the investment at maturity date, to the extent that this investment shows a geared IRR (Internal Rate of Return) of only 4.38% per annum, which is lower than what the investor had as the original target of 6.00%, as per Sherratt, (2015). Thus the uncertainty surrounding the potential cost of maintaining the vacant building, including the necessary refurbishment costs and including the level of rent achievable against new letting could be of importance for the investor if there is an acceptable return delivered in the medium term, says Myers, (2012). However, in another Scenario-C, I have tried to demonstrate that a lender may not be always insulated from the underlying uncertainties of the asset level cash flow. In this scenario, I assume that the same office property has now been occupied by two tenants: Address Office A, North Street, Middletown Construction year 2015 Tenant-1 Government Department Floor area 2,500 sq mtr Lease term 10 years, FRI, with 5 yearly, upward only, rent reviews (10 years unexpired term) Rent 750,000 p.a. (300 per sq mtr) Market rent 875,000 p.a. (350 per sq mtr) Tenant-2 Corporate House Floor area 2,000 sq mtr Lease term 10 years, FRI, with 5 yearly, upward only, rent reviews (10 years unexpired term) Rent 660,000 p.a. (330 per sq mtr) Market rent 700,000 p.a. (350 per sq mtr) In this scenario, an assumption has been made about the additional lease given to the Corporate House, which has been introduced when the government has only two years of lease term remaining. Here, the consideration is that the investor has acquired the property with a 6.5% net initial yield and the also that the lender is advancing loan in proportionately the same ratio and on the same terms. However, the level of uncertainty exists for both the investor and lender, as explained by Ostrowski, (2013). Conclusion In case the Corporate House vacates the property at the expiry of the lease term, there will be a fall in the interest cover ratio on the loan and this will create a breach in the terms of the loan agreement. Moreover, I am also taking into consideration the fact that there may be a likelihood that the Market Value of the cited property may fall to such an extent that the Loan to Value Ratio (LVR) rises above 75%, and this may possibly trigger another breach of the loan agreement. However, in my consideration, the biggest concern still will be effects of refurbishment and vacancy costs, which can affect the results of the cash outflow during the third year. Due margin needs to be provided for the uncertainty of the length of vacancy period, the extent of necessary refurbishment costs and also of the probability of finding a good tenant at the required rent and lease terms, as explains Baum Baum, (2015). These are some of the important issues which both the investor and the lender have to take into consideration at all times. In Scenario-C, consideration has also to be taken for the refurbishing of the vacant offices and re-let at 20 per sq mtr, after a void period of 12 months and another 9-month rent-free period. Taking such a scenario into consideration, it is imperative for the investor to achieve an IRR of around 8%, but this should be only one among a number of possible outcomes, out of which some may be less favourable. References Ashworth, A. and Perera, S. 2015 Cost Studies of Buildings, 6th ed. Routledge, Oxon. Baum, A. 2009 Commercial Real Estate Investment. Taylor Francis, London. Baum, A. and Baum, Prof A. 2015 Real Estate Investment: A Strategic Approach, 3rd ed. Routledge, Oxon. Godhart, C. and Hofmann, B. 2007 House Prices and the Macroeconomy: Implications for Banking and Price Stability. OUP Oxford, Oxford. Karadimitrio, N., Magalhaes, C. and Verhage, R. 2013 Planning, Risk, and Property Development: Urban Regeneration in the England, France, and the Netherlands. Routledge, Oxon. Kirkham, R. 2014, Ferry and Brandon's Cost Planning of Buildings, 9th ed. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Lavender, S. 2014, Management for the Construction Industry. Routledge, Oxon. Lester, A. 2013, Project Management, Planning and Control, 6th ed. Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxon. Myers, D. 2012 Economics and Property. Taylor Francis, London. Ostrowski, S.D.C. 2013, Estimating and Cost Planning Using the New Rules of Measurement. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Pratt, D. 2010, Fundamentals of Construction Estimating, 3rd ed. Cengage Learning, New York. Robinson, H., Symonds, B., Gilbertson, B. and Ilozor, B. 2015, Design Economics for the Built Environment: Impact of Sustainability on Project Evaluation. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex. Sherratt, F. 2015, Introduction to Construction Management. Routledge, Oxon. Taylor, J. 2008, Project Scheduling and Cost Control: Planning, Monitoring and Controlling the Baseline. J. Ross Publishing, Florida. Towey, D. 2013, Cost Management of Construction Projects. John Wiley Sons, West Sussex.